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Biochem Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the only apolipoprotein which originates from the intestine

A

B 48

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2
Q

Name the lipoprotein originated form both liver and intestine

A

HDL and also synthesis increases with alcohol

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3
Q

Different locations of xanthoma

A

Eruptive And pruritic xanthoma = Hyper-chylomicronemia

  • Tendon xanthoma And Corneal arcus= Familial hyper-cholesterolemia
  • Palmar xanthoma = Dysbeta-lipoproteinemia
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4
Q

Important point

A

lg carb/protein (eg, whey)= 4 kcal lg alcohol = 7 kcal
lg fatty acid= 9 kcal
(# letters = # kcal)

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5
Q

Triad of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency

A

Low glucose
Low ketones
Hyperammonemia

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6
Q

Triad of Systemic 1° carnitine deficiency

A

Low glucose
Low ketones
Hypotonia

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7
Q

Name the glycogen storage disease which cause enlarged liver

A

Von gierke disease with high lactate
Cori disease with hypotonia
Hers disease

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8
Q

Name the test to dx cystinuria or its stones

A

Urinary cyanide nitroprusside Test

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9
Q

What is MOA Of Benzoate, phenylacetate, or phenylbutyrate ?

A

react with glycine or glutamine, forming products that are excreted renally.

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10
Q

Name the ketogenic aa

A

Leucine lysine

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11
Q

Name the acidic and basic aa

A

Acidic are aspartate and glutamate

Basic arginine histidine and lysine

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12
Q

Name the glucogenic aa

A

Methionine histidine And valine

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13
Q

Name the body parts which have both enzymes to make fructose from sorbitol

A

LOS
L liver
O ovaries
S seminal vesicles

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14
Q

Name the drug which impaired complex 1 and 3

A

Complex 1= Rotenone/barbiturates

Complex 3 by antimycin

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15
Q

Name the poison impaired complex 4 and 5

A

Complex 4 by Cyanide CO azide
And
Complex 5 by oligomycin

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16
Q

Important point

A

All those poison or drugs which -ve complexes or increased membrane permeability decrease proton gradient in ETC cycle

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17
Q

Important point

A

Odd chain FA yield 1 propionyl COA precursor of glucose b/c of 3 carbons
Even chain not b/c it gives 2 carbon structure acetyl coa

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18
Q

Name the body parts which generate lactate

Vitamin B3 use by lactate dehydrogenase

A 
RBCs 
WBC’s
Medulla of kidney 
Lens and cornea 
Testes
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19
Q

Name the +ve and -ve regulators of PFK-1

A

+ve Regulators are;
AMP / F26 photostate

-ve Regulators
ATP
Citrate

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20
Q

Name the +ve and -ve regulators of F1-6 biphosphatase

A

-ve are
AMP And F 2-6 bis phosphate

+ve are
Citrate

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21
Q

Name the +ve and -ve regulators of Acetyl COA carboxylase

FA synthesis

A

+ve Regulators
Insulin®, citrate®

-ve Regulators
Glucagon palmitoyl-CoA

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22
Q

What are rxns occur after heavy alcohol intake?

A

Due to increased in NADH/NAD Ratio;

  • Lactate due to pyruvate
  • Low glucose due to oxaloacetate into malate
  • FA liver due to DHAP—> Glycerol 3 phosphate
  • Shut down Of TCA cycle result acetyl coa with be used in ketones production
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23
Q

Triad of Zinc deficiency

A

acrodermatitis enteropathica (defect in intestinal zinc absorption)

Decrease adult hair

Redness in body openings with disruption sense of taste

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24
Q

Name the enzymes which uses B2 as a co factor

Study These Flashcards
A

succinate dehydrogenase

Glutathione reductase

25
What is Importance Of b5?
Essential component of coenzyme A (CoA, a cofactor for acyl transfers) and fatty acid synthase.
26
Name the syndrome which shows defect in palate, facial and cardia
Velocardiofacial syndrome
27
Why Calcium high in Williams syndrome?
Due to increased sensitivity to vit-D
28
Important point of chromosome
In 4 ADPKD (PKD2), achondroplasia, Huntington disease In 9 Friedreich ataxia, tuberous sclerosis (TSCI) In 13 Patau syndrome, Wilson disease, retinoblastoma (RBI), BRCA2 In 16 ADPKD (PKDI), a-globin gene defects (eg, a-thalassemia), tuberous sclerosis (TSC2) In 17 Neurofibromatosis type I, BRCJ\l, TP53
29
Important point
Unbalanced translocations can result in miscarriage, stillbirth, and chromosomal imbalance (eg, Down syndrome, Patau syndrome).
30
Important point of anticipation
Disease which start with “F” have two same alphabets Like FraGile x = CGG Friedreich ataxia = CAA
31
Triad of myotonic dystrophy CTG Abnormal expression of myotonin protein kinase
Male who have Vision problem due to cataract No sex due to gonadal atrophy All these occur due to Early balding
32
X linked recessive disorder
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, Fabry disease, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Ocular albinism, C6PD deficiency, Hunter syndrome, Bruton agammaglobulinemia, Haemophilia A and B, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, Duchenne (and Becker) muscular dystrophy
33
Name the x linked dominant disease
Fragile X CGG Alport Syndrome Hypophosphatemic rickets just like DM Type 2 Occur due to increased phosphate wasting at proximal tubule
34
Important point regarding uni parental disomy
Consider UPD in an individual manifesting a recessive disorder when only one parent is a carrier.
35
Important point regarding gonadal mosaicism
Gonadal mosaicism-mutation only in egg or sperm cells. If parents and relatives do not have the disease, suspect gonadal (or germline) mosaicism.
36
What is Cre lox System?
Can inducibly manipulate genes at specific developmental points (eg, to study a gene whose deletion causes embryonic death
37
What is RNA interference?
dsRNA is synthesized that is complementary to the mRNA sequence of interest. When transfected into human cells, dsRNA separates and promotes degradation of target mRNA, "knocking down" gene expression.
38
Quadrant of flow cytometry
Cells in left lower quadrant -ve for both CD8 and CD3. Cells in left upper quadrant +ve for CD3 and +ve for CD8. Cells in right lower quadrant +ve for CDS and -ve for CD3. Right lower quadrant is empty because all CD8 expressing cells also express CD3. Cells in right upper quadrant +ve for both CD8 and CD3 (red+ blue -purple).
39
Triad of menkes disease
Brittle kinky hair Hypotonia Growth retardation
40
Name the structures which have type 1 collagen
Bone made by osteoblast Tendon Late wound repair Fascia And skin Dentin Cornea
41
Type 3
Skin “Bl-vessels” Uterus Feral tissue Granulation tissue
42
Type 2 collagen
Cartilage Vitreous body Nucleus pulposus
43
Triad of refsum disease
Shortening of 4th toe Vision problem due to cataract/night blindness Alpha oxidation is impaired
44
What is the structure seen by eukaryote imitation factor on mRNA before commencing translation
5 cap Or IRES
45
Name the cells which are stable and labile
Stable; llepatocytes, lymphocytes, PCT, periosteal cell Labile : Bone marrow, gut epithelium, skin, hair follicles, germ cells.
46
Essential amino acid
``` PVT TIM llaLL: Phenylalanine, Valine, Tryptophan, Threonine, lsoleucine, Methionine, llistidine, Leucine, Lysine. ```
47
What is “DNA Laddering”?
Sensitive indicator of apoptosis and refers to the appearance of DNA fragments in multiples of 180 base Paris on gel electrophoresis
48
Types of verbal interventions
FACILITATING means encourages communication - Reflecting on what a pt has just said - Summarising the conversation - Open ended Qs; encouraging the pt to continue - Supportive, empathic statements OBSTRUCTING means shuts down communication - Closed ended yes no Qs - minimising the pt concerns - judging the pt Or offering premature advice - confronting the pt in a hostile manner
49
What does mean by “Homing” of cells?
Circulating cells land and rest in The parenchyma of the organ
50
Name the diseases with “Polygenic Inheritance”
Androgentic alopecia Epilepsy Glaucoma HTN Ischemia heart disease T2DM Schizophrenia
51
Name the medicine given to Pregnant woman carrying group B strep
lntrapartum penicillin G or ampicillin
52
Name the antibiotics given to renal failure patient
Monobactams (renal insufficiency who cannot tolerate aminoglycosides) Tetracyclines
53
Important point very important point
**MRSA: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, tigecycline, ceftaroline, doxycycline. **VRE: linezolid, tigecycline, and streptogramins (quinupristin, dalfopristin). ** polymyxins Band E (colistin) for Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas, multidrug-resistant Actinobacter baumanii
54
WAGR complex
Wilms tumor Aniridia (absence of iris) Genitourinary malformations mental Retardation/intellectual disability (WT1deletion)
55
Denys-Drash syndrome
Wilms tumor Diffuse mesangial sclerosis (early-onset nephrotic syndrome) Dysgenesis of gonads (male pseudohermaphroditism}, WT1 mutation
56
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
W'ilms tumor, macroglossia organomegaly hemihyperplasia (WT2 mutation)
57
Zone 1-periportal zone
Affected 1st by viral hepatitis • Best oxygenated, most resistant to circulatory compromise • Ingested toxins (eg, cocaine)
58
Zone II-intermediate zone:
Yellow fever
59
Zone III-pericentral vein (centrilobular) zone:
Affected 1st by ischemia (least oxygenated) • High concentration of cytochrome P-450 • Most sensitive to metabolic toxins (eg, ethanol, CCl4, halothane, rifampin) • Site of alcoholic hepatitis

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