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FA flashCards > Biochem > Flashcards

Biochem Flashcards

1
Q

Name the only apolipoprotein which originates from the intestine

A

B 48

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2
Q

Name the lipoprotein originated form both liver and intestine

A

HDL and also synthesis increases with alcohol

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3
Q

Different locations of xanthoma

A

Eruptive And pruritic xanthoma = Hyper-chylomicronemia

  • Tendon xanthoma And Corneal arcus= Familial hyper-cholesterolemia
  • Palmar xanthoma = Dysbeta-lipoproteinemia
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4
Q

Important point

A

lg carb/protein (eg, whey)= 4 kcal lg alcohol = 7 kcal
lg fatty acid= 9 kcal
(# letters = # kcal)

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5
Q

Triad of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency

A

Low glucose
Low ketones
Hyperammonemia

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6
Q

Triad of Systemic 1° carnitine deficiency

A

Low glucose
Low ketones
Hypotonia

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7
Q

Name the glycogen storage disease which cause enlarged liver

A

Von gierke disease with high lactate
Cori disease with hypotonia
Hers disease

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8
Q

Name the test to dx cystinuria or its stones

A

Urinary cyanide nitroprusside Test

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9
Q

What is MOA Of Benzoate, phenylacetate, or phenylbutyrate ?

A

react with glycine or glutamine, forming products that are excreted renally.

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10
Q

Name the ketogenic aa

A

Leucine lysine

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11
Q

Name the acidic and basic aa

A

Acidic are aspartate and glutamate

Basic arginine histidine and lysine

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12
Q

Name the glucogenic aa

A

Methionine histidine And valine

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13
Q

Name the body parts which have both enzymes to make fructose from sorbitol

A

LOS
L liver
O ovaries
S seminal vesicles

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14
Q

Name the drug which impaired complex 1 and 3

A

Complex 1= Rotenone/barbiturates

Complex 3 by antimycin

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15
Q

Name the poison impaired complex 4 and 5

A

Complex 4 by Cyanide CO azide
And
Complex 5 by oligomycin

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16
Q

Important point

A

All those poison or drugs which -ve complexes or increased membrane permeability decrease proton gradient in ETC cycle

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17
Q

Important point

A

Odd chain FA yield 1 propionyl COA precursor of glucose b/c of 3 carbons
Even chain not b/c it gives 2 carbon structure acetyl coa

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18
Q

Name the body parts which generate lactate

Vitamin B3 use by lactate dehydrogenase

A 
RBCs 
WBC’s
Medulla of kidney 
Lens and cornea 
Testes
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19
Q

Name the +ve and -ve regulators of PFK-1

A

+ve Regulators are;
AMP / F26 photostate

-ve Regulators
ATP
Citrate

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20
Q

Name the +ve and -ve regulators of F1-6 biphosphatase

A

-ve are
AMP And F 2-6 bis phosphate

+ve are
Citrate

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21
Q

Name the +ve and -ve regulators of Acetyl COA carboxylase

FA synthesis

A

+ve Regulators
Insulin®, citrate®

-ve Regulators
Glucagon palmitoyl-CoA

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22
Q

What are rxns occur after heavy alcohol intake?

A

Due to increased in NADH/NAD Ratio;

  • Lactate due to pyruvate
  • Low glucose due to oxaloacetate into malate
  • FA liver due to DHAP—> Glycerol 3 phosphate
  • Shut down Of TCA cycle result acetyl coa with be used in ketones production
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23
Q

Triad of Zinc deficiency

A

acrodermatitis enteropathica (defect in intestinal zinc absorption)

Decrease adult hair

Redness in body openings with disruption sense of taste

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24
Q

Name the enzymes which uses B2 as a co factor

A

succinate dehydrogenase

Glutathione reductase

25
Q

What is Importance Of b5?

A

Essential component of coenzyme A (CoA, a cofactor for acyl transfers) and fatty acid synthase.

26
Q

Name the syndrome which shows defect in palate, facial and cardia

A

Velocardiofacial syndrome

27
Q

Why Calcium high in Williams syndrome?

A

Due to increased sensitivity to vit-D

28
Q

Important point of chromosome

A

In 4
ADPKD (PKD2), achondroplasia, Huntington disease

In 9
Friedreich ataxia, tuberous sclerosis (TSCI)

In 13
Patau syndrome, Wilson disease, retinoblastoma (RBI), BRCA2

In 16
ADPKD (PKDI), a-globin gene defects (eg, a-thalassemia), tuberous sclerosis (TSC2)

In 17
Neurofibromatosis type I, BRCJ\l, TP53

29
Q

Important point

A

Unbalanced translocations can result in miscarriage, stillbirth, and chromosomal imbalance (eg, Down syndrome, Patau syndrome).

30
Q

Important point of anticipation

A

Disease which start with “F” have two same alphabets
Like
FraGile x = CGG
Friedreich ataxia = CAA

31
Q

Triad of myotonic dystrophy
CTG

Abnormal expression of myotonin protein kinase

A

Male who have
Vision problem due to cataract
No sex due to gonadal atrophy

All these occur due to Early balding

32
Q

X linked recessive disorder

A

Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency,

Fabry disease,
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome,

Ocular albinism,
C6PD deficiency,

Hunter syndrome,
Bruton agammaglobulinemia,

Haemophilia A and B,
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome,
Duchenne (and Becker) muscular dystrophy

33
Q

Name the x linked dominant disease

A

Fragile X CGG

Alport Syndrome

Hypophosphatemic rickets just like DM Type 2
Occur due to increased phosphate wasting at proximal tubule

34
Q

Important point regarding uni parental disomy

A

Consider UPD in an individual manifesting a recessive disorder when only one parent is a carrier.

35
Q

Important point regarding gonadal mosaicism

A

Gonadal mosaicism-mutation only in egg or sperm cells. If parents and relatives do not have the disease, suspect gonadal (or germline) mosaicism.

36
Q

What is Cre lox System?

A

Can inducibly manipulate genes at specific developmental points (eg, to study a gene whose deletion causes embryonic death

37
Q

What is RNA interference?

A

dsRNA is synthesized that is complementary to the mRNA sequence of interest.

When transfected into human cells, dsRNA separates and promotes degradation of target mRNA, “knocking down” gene expression.

38
Q

Quadrant of flow cytometry

A

Cells in left lower quadrant -ve for both CD8 and CD3.

Cells in left upper quadrant +ve for CD3 and +ve for CD8.

Cells in right lower quadrant +ve for CDS and -ve for CD3. Right lower quadrant is empty because all CD8 expressing cells also express CD3.

Cells in right upper quadrant +ve for both CD8 and CD3 (red+ blue -purple).

39
Q

Triad of menkes disease

A

Brittle kinky hair

Hypotonia

Growth retardation

40
Q

Name the structures which have type 1 collagen

A

Bone made by osteoblast

Tendon
Late wound repair

Fascia And skin
Dentin

Cornea

41
Q

Type 3

A

Skin

“Bl-vessels”

Uterus
Feral tissue

Granulation tissue

42
Q

Type 2 collagen

A

Cartilage
Vitreous body

Nucleus pulposus

43
Q

Triad of refsum disease

A

Shortening of 4th toe

Vision problem due to cataract/night blindness

Alpha oxidation is impaired

44
Q

What is the structure seen by eukaryote imitation factor on mRNA before commencing translation

A

5 cap

Or

IRES

45
Q

Name the cells which are stable and labile

A

Stable;
llepatocytes, lymphocytes, PCT, periosteal cell

Labile :
Bone marrow, gut epithelium, skin, hair follicles, germ cells.

46
Q

Essential amino acid

A 
PVT TIM llaLL: 
Phenylalanine, 
Valine, 
Tryptophan, 
Threonine, lsoleucine, 
Methionine, 
llistidine, 
Leucine, 
Lysine.
47
Q

What is “DNA Laddering”?

A

Sensitive indicator of apoptosis and refers to the appearance of DNA fragments in multiples of 180 base Paris on gel electrophoresis

48
Q

Types of verbal interventions

A

FACILITATING means encourages communication

  • Reflecting on what a pt has just said
  • Summarising the conversation
  • Open ended Qs; encouraging the pt to continue
  • Supportive, empathic statements

OBSTRUCTING means shuts down communication

  • Closed ended yes no Qs
  • minimising the pt concerns
  • judging the pt Or offering premature advice
  • confronting the pt in a hostile manner
49
Q

What does mean by “Homing” of cells?

A

Circulating cells land and rest in The parenchyma of the organ

50
Q

Name the diseases with “Polygenic Inheritance”

A

Androgentic alopecia
Epilepsy

Glaucoma
HTN

Ischemia heart disease
T2DM

Schizophrenia

51
Q

Name the medicine given to Pregnant woman carrying group B strep

A

lntrapartum penicillin G or ampicillin

52
Q

Name the antibiotics given to renal failure patient

A

Monobactams (renal insufficiency who cannot tolerate aminoglycosides)

Tetracyclines

53
Q

Important point very important point

A

**MRSA: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, tigecycline, ceftaroline, doxycycline.

**VRE: linezolid, tigecycline, and streptogramins (quinupristin, dalfopristin).

** polymyxins Band E (colistin) for Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas, multidrug-resistant Actinobacter baumanii

54
Q

WAGR complex

A

Wilms tumor

Aniridia (absence of iris)

Genitourinary malformations

mental Retardation/intellectual disability (WT1deletion)

55
Q

Denys-Drash syndrome

A

Wilms tumor

Diffuse mesangial sclerosis (early-onset nephrotic syndrome)

Dysgenesis of gonads (male pseudohermaphroditism},

WT1 mutation

56
Q

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

A

W’ilms tumor,

macroglossia

organomegaly

hemihyperplasia (WT2 mutation)

57
Q

Zone 1-periportal zone

A

Affected 1st by

viral hepatitis •

Best oxygenated, most resistant to circulatory compromise •

Ingested toxins (eg, cocaine)

58
Q

Zone II-intermediate zone:

A

Yellow fever

59
Q

Zone III-pericentral vein (centrilobular) zone:

A

Affected 1st by

ischemia (least oxygenated) •

High concentration of cytochrome P-450 •

Most sensitive to metabolic toxins (eg, ethanol, CCl4, halothane, rifampin) •

Site of alcoholic hepatitis

FA flashCards (6 decks)

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