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Embryo Flashcards

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1
Q

Sonic Hedgehog gene

A

Involve in patterning along anteriorposterior axis and CNS development

Present at base of limbs

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2
Q

Wnt 7 gene

A

Produce at apical ectodermal ridge

Necessary for proper organisation along dorsal ventral axis

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3
Q

Name the gene stimulate mitosis Of underlying mesoderm providing for lengthening Of limbs

A

FGF gene present at apical ectodermal ridge

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4
Q

Name the gene for involved in segmental organisation of embryo in a craniocaudal direction

A

Homeobox genes

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5
Q

Name the anomalies cause by thalidomide

A

Limb defects viz phocomelia, micro melia and flipper limbs

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6
Q

Name the anomalies due to maternal DM

A

Causal regression syndrome like anal atresia to sirenomelia (fusion of lower legs)

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7
Q

Feral hydantoin syndrome feature

A

P cleft Palate and liP
H Head small, hypoplastic face, hirsutism Heart defects

E embrypathy
N nail and neuro issues

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8
Q

Important point

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

Lack MHC 1 expression—> decrease chance of attack by maternal immune system

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9
Q

Name the derivative of umbilical arteries and vein

A

Allantois

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10
Q

Name the arteries derive from 3rd,4th and 6th

A

3rd
-Common carotid artery and proximal part of internal carotid artery

4th
-On left aortic arch and on right proximal part of right subclavian artery

6th
-Proximal part of pulmonary artery and on left ductus arteriosus

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11
Q

Triad of pierre robin sequence

A

Small jaw

Glossoptosis

Cleft palate with Airway Obstruction

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12
Q

Treacher Collins Syndrome

A

Neural crest of first and 2nd bronchial arches are Defective
Result mandibular hypoplasia and facial abnormal

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13
Q

Name the muscles of 4th arch and 6th arch

A

4th arch
-most pharyngeal constrictors; cricothyroid And levator veli palatine

6th arch
-all intrinsic muscles of larynx

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14
Q

How cleft lip occurs?

A

failure offusion of the maxillary and merged medial nasal processes (formation of primary palate}.

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15
Q

How cleft palate occurs?

A

failure of fusion of the two lateral palatine shelves or failure of fusion of lateral palatine shelf with the nasal septum and/or median palatine shelf

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16
Q

Name the remnant of Müllerian duct in Male and wolffian duct

A

Former = appendix testis

Latter = Gartner duct

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17
Q

Name the uterine anomalies in which pregnancy possible

A

Uterus didelphys
Complete failure of fusion -double uterus, cervix, vagina
Pregnancy possible.

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18
Q

What is Bicornuate uterus?

A

Incomplete fusion of Mtillerian ducts

Increase risk of complicated pregnancy, early pregnancy loss, malpresentation, prematurity.

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19
Q

What is name of prostate gland and bulbouretheral gland in female ?

A

Former urethral and parauretheral gland

Latter Greater vestibular gland

Both made up of urogenital sinus

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20
Q

What is bronchogenic cysts?

A

-abnormal budding of the foregut and dilation of terminal or large bronchi.

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21
Q

Name the stage of lung development whose error leads to tracheoesophageal fistula.

A

Embryonic period

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22
Q

Important point

Screening test for fetal lung maturity

A

lecithin-sphingomyelin (LIS) ratio

foam stability index,

surfactant-albumin ratio.

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23
Q 
Name the stages of lung development 
Every 
Pulmonologist 
Can 
See 
Alveoli.
A

E=Embryonic

P= Pseudoglandular

C= Canalicular

S= Saccular

A= Alveolar

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24
Q

Name the derivative of ureteric bud

Study These Flashcards
A

Mesonephric duct

25
Most common site of obstruction in kidney
Ureteropelvic junction
26
Name the anomalie arise due to failure of rostral fold closure of central wall of abdomen wall
Ectopia Cordis
27
Name the anomalie arise due to failure of lateral fold closure of central wall of abdomen wall
omphalocele | , gastroschisis
28
Name the anomalie arise due to failure of caudal fold closure of central wall of abdomen wall
Bladder exstrophy
29
Name the congenital anomalie which shows “apple peel”
Jejunum And ileal atresia -disruption of mesenteric vessels (typically SMA) - ischemic necrosis of fetal intestine -segmental resorption: bowel becomes discontinuous or assumes a spiral configuration (apple peel). X-ray shows dilated loops of small bowel with air-Auid level
30
ABGs Of Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
hypokalemic hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis
31
Name the embryonic structure of Superior vena cava
Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein
32
Name the embryonic structure of IVC
Posterior, subcardinal, and supracardinal veins
33
Name the embryonic structure of Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
Truncus arteriosus
34
Name the smooth parts of both ventricles
Bulbous cordis
35
Name the smooth parts of atrium
``` Left = primitive pulmonary vein Right = right horn of sinus venous ```
36
Left horn of sinus venosus Give rise to;
Coronary sinus
37
Important point regarding atheroembolic Disease
Atheroembolic diseases typically occur after an invasive vascular procedure due to mechanical dislodgement of atherosclerotic plaque resulting in the showering of cholesterol rich micro emboli into the circulation - Commonly involves organs are * Kidney * Skin (Blue toe syndrome, livedo reticularis) * GIT * CNS (Stroke/ amaurosis fugax)
38
Important point
Circothyrotomy incision passes via the superficial cervical fascia, pre tracheal fascia And circothyroid membrane
39
Important point of half life of pharma
After 1.5 hr only 50% of the steady state Conc will be reached - After 3 hr only 75% of the steady state Conc will be reached - After 4.5 hr only 87.5% of the steady state Conc will be reached - After 6hr only 90% of the steady state Conc will be reached - After 7.5hr only 96.9%of the steady state Conc will be reached
40
Triad of Phencyclidine (PCP)
Violence nystagmus psychomotor agitation
41
Triad of MDMA (ecstasy)
serotonin syndrome bruxism distorted sensory and time perception
42
Triad of Marijuana (cannabinoid)
conjunctival injection appetite increases social withdrawal with dry mouth
43
Triad of Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD
depersonalization Flashback(usually nondisturbing). Perceptual distortion (visual, auditory)
44
Name the medicine given in “Angina refractory to other medical therapies”
Ranolazine -Inhibits the late phase of sodium current thereby reducing diastolic wall tension and oxygen consumption. Does not affect heart rate or blood pressure.
45
Name medical insurance plans which are restricted to limited panels (except emergency)
Exclusive provider organization Health maintenance organization
46
Name the medical insurance plans in which Patient can see providers outside network
Point of service Preferred provider organization
47
Name the medical insurance plans which “Requires referral from primary care provider”
Health maintenance organisation Point of service
48
Health maintenance organisation
Denied for any service that does not meet established, evidence-based guidelines
49
Point of service
Higher copays and deductibles for out-of-network services
50
Preferred provider organisation
Higher copays and deductibles for alI services
51
Global payment
Patient pays for all expenses associated with a single incident of care with a single payment. Most commonly used during elective surgeries, as it covers the cost of surgery as well as the necessary pre-and postoperative visits.
52
Discount fee for service
Patient pays for each individual service at a discounted rate predetermined by providers and payers (eg, PPOs).
53
Capitation
Physicians receive a set amount per patient assigned to them per period of time, regardless of how much the patient uses the healthcare system. Used by some HMOs.
54
Bundled payment
Healthcare organization receives a set amount per service, regardless of ultimate cost, to be divided among all providers and facilities involved
55
Embryonic (weeks4-7wk)
tertiary (segmental) bronchi at the end
56
Pseudoglandular (weeks 5-17)
Endodermal tubules -terminal bronchioles. Surrounded by modest capillary network.
57
Canalicular (weeks 16-25)
Terminal bronchioles -respiratory bronchioles -alveolar ducts. Surrounded by prominent capillary network.
58
Saccular (week 26-birth)
Alveolar ducts -terminal sacs. Terminal sacs separated by 1° septae.
59
Alveolar (week 36-8 years)
Terminal sacs -adult alveoli (due to 2° septation).

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