Biochem Finals Pt.1

Question 1

CHO

Answer 1

Carbohydrates / Lipids

Question 2

CHON

Answer 2

Proteins

Question 3

CHONSP

Answer 3

Nucleic acids

Question 4

A semi-permeable layer of the cell; allowing the selective entry and exit of substances

Answer 4

Cell Membrane

Question 5

Humans differ from plants in a way that humans have cell membrane but plants have both cell membrane and cell wall

Question 6

The powerhouse of the cell; known to generate energy in the form of ATP

Answer 6

Mitochondrion

Question 7

The type of endoplasmic reticulum where the ribosomes are attached

Answer 7

Rough ER

Question 8

Where lipid synthesis usually happens

Answer 8

Smooth ER

Question 9

Where protein synthesis usually happens

Answer 9

Rough ER

Question 10

Has enzymes that are capable of digesting foreign cells (apoptosis of microbial cells)
- immunity
- known as the suicide bag of the cell

Answer 10

Lysosomes

Question 11

Involved in protein synthesis

Answer 11

Ribosomes

Question 12

Proteins are important in maintaining homeostasis in the body. They are responsible for the different enzymes in the body. Enzymes have different functions which are important to sustain life.

Question 13

Humans ribosomal units

Answer 13

80s (40s and 60s)

Question 14

responsible for package and storage of different substances inside the cell

Answer 14

Golgi apparatus

Question 15

Plants specialized structure for storage

Answer 15

Vacuoles

Question 16

Microorganisms specialized structure for storage

Answer 16

Inclusions

Question 17

The control center of the cell; it houses the chromosomes where DNA is coiled.

Answer 17

Nucleus

Question 18

Additional protective barrier of the nucleus to protect the DNA

Answer 18

Nuclear membrane/envelope

Question 19

1 sugar unit
- identified by the number of carbons

Answer 19

Monosaccharides/Sugar

Question 20

• Blood sugar, Physiologic sugar, Dextrose, Grape sugar

Answer 20

Glucose

Question 21

• Levulose, Fruit sugar
• the sweetest sugar

Answer 21

Fructose

Question 22

It is readily absorbed in the intestine

Answer 22

Galactose

Question 23

Increased levels of galactose in the blood

Answer 23

Galactosemia

Question 24

Sugar found in the RNA

Answer 24

Ribose

Question 25

Sugar found in the DNA

Answer 25

Deoxyribose

Question 26

- Wood sugar; important diagnostic agent for intestinal malabsorption

Answer 26

Xylose

Question 27

2 sugar units

Answer 27

Disaccharides

Question 28

Glucose + Fructose

Answer 28

Sucrose

Question 29

Glucose + Glucose

Answer 29

Maltose

Question 30

Glucose + Galactose - present in milk and other dairy products

Answer 30

Lactose

Question 31

3 sugar units

Answer 31

Trisaccharides

Question 32

Glu + Glu + Glu

Answer 32

Maltotriose

Question 33

Glu + Gal + Fru

Answer 33

Raffinose

Question 34

Glu + Glu + Fru

Answer 34

Gentianose

Question 35

Binder, Disintegrant, or Filler in tablets

Answer 35

Starch

Question 36

Storage form of glucose in mammals

Answer 36

Glycogen

Question 37

- Component of plant cell wall - Indigestible

Answer 37

Cellulose

Question 38

Component of fungi cell wall

Answer 38

Chitin

Question 39

Used to diagnose renal function

Answer 39

Inulin

Question 40

An important anti-coagulant drug

Answer 40

Heparin

Question 41

A carbohydrate that lubricates joints and acts as a cushion for joints

Answer 41

Hyaluronic acid

Question 42

Once hydrolyzed, they arrive with sugar or glucose units

Answer 42

Homoglycans

Question 43

Once hydrolyzed, will not produce glucose units only

Answer 43

Heteroglycans

Question 44

Examples of homoglycan polysaccharides

Answer 44

Starch Glycogen Cellulose Chitin

Question 45

Examples of heteroglycan polysaccharides

Answer 45

Inulin Heparin Hyaluronic acid

Question 46

Dextro - Right Levo - Left

Question 47

Carbon with different attachments

Answer 47

Chiral

Question 48

Term used in the second to the last carbon - It dictates the rotation

Answer 48

Penultimate carbon

Question 49

Structures with the same composition but different arrangements

Answer 49

Isomers

Question 50

Two structures are mirror images of each other

Answer 50

Enantiomers

Question 51

Structures that are non-mirrored

Answer 51

Diastereomers

Question 52

- break down - energy producing - “lysis”

Answer 52

Catabolism

Question 53

- build up - energy requiring - genesis

Answer 53

Anabolism

Question 54

combination of anabolic and catabolic - krebs cycle

Answer 54

Amphibolism

Question 55

It is the sum of all chemical reactions in the body

Answer 55

Metabolism

Question 56

- Breakdown of glucose - Glucose to Pyruvate

Answer 56

Glycolysis

Question 57

Products of Glycolysis

Answer 57

2 NADH, 2 Pyruvate, 2 ATPS

Question 58

- Formation of glucose from a noncarbohydrate source - Lactate, Pyruvate, Fats to Glucose - Liver

Answer 58

Gluconeogenesis

Question 59

Product of Gluconeogenesis

Answer 59

Glucose

Question 60

It is a product of anaerobic reaction (in the muscles) in the body - responsible for pain and fatigue

Answer 60

Lactate

Question 61

From lactate to glucose to lactate

Answer 61

Cori’s Cycle

Question 62

- Formation of Glycogen - Glucose to Glycogen

Answer 62

Glycogenesis

Question 63

Product of Glycogenesis

Answer 63

Glycogen

Question 64

- Breakdown of glycogen - Glycogen to Glucose

Answer 64

Glycogenolysis

Question 65

Product of Glycogenolysis

Answer 65

Glucose

Question 66

Hormones that regulate blood sugar in the body

Answer 66

Insulin Glucagon

Question 67

Where is glucagon produced

Answer 67

Pancreas (alpha cells)

Question 68

Where is insulin produced

Answer 68

Pancreas (Beta cells)

Question 69

A hormone that transports glucose inside the cell; used to decrease blood sugar levels

Answer 69

Insulin

Question 70

Hormone to increase blood sugar levels

Answer 70

Glucagon

Question 71

Proponent of Kreb’s Cycle

Answer 71

Hans Krebs

Question 72

Location of Krebs’ Cycle

Answer 72

Mitochondria

Question 73

Products of Krebs Cycle

Answer 73

3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP

Question 74

The main player in Krebs Cycle

Answer 74

Acetyl CoA

Question 75

• child onset • total destruction of beta cells • insulin-dependent DM • Drugs: Insulin

Answer 75

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Question 76

• adult onset • decrease insulin sensitivity • insulin-independent DM • Drugs: OHAs/ Insulin

Answer 76

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Question 77

Deficiency of Uridyl Transferase

Answer 77

Type 1 Galactosemia

Question 78

Deficiency of Galactokinase

Answer 78

Type 2 Galactosemia

Question 79

Deficiency of Galactose Epimerase/Phosphoglucotamase

Answer 79

Type 3 Galactosemia

Question 80

Complications in Galactosema

Answer 80

- Cataract in Eyes - Mental Retardation

Question 81

Hallmark / Cardinal Signs of DM

Answer 81

- Polyphagia (excessive hunger) - Polydipsia (excessive thirst) - Polyuria (excessive urination)

Question 82

Deficiency of Lactase

Answer 82

Lactose Intolerance

Question 83

Deficiency of Glucose-6-phosphatase

Answer 83

Von Gierke’s disease

Question 84

Deficiency of Acid maltase

Answer 84

Pompe’s Disease

Question 85

Deficiency of Debranching enzyme

Answer 85

Cori’s Disease

Question 86

Deficiency of Branching Enzyme

Answer 86

Andersen’s Disease

Question 87

Deficiency of Muscle glycogen phosphorylase

Answer 87

McArdle’s Disease

Question 88

Deficiency of Liver glycogen phosphorylase

Answer 88

Her’s Disease

Question 89

Deficiency of Muscle phosphofructokinase

Answer 89

Tarui’s Disease