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SEM 1 > Biochem Finals Pt.2 > Flashcards

Biochem Finals Pt.2 Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

It gives the most energy

A

Answer: Lipids (9 kcal)

Carbs and Proteins: 4 kcal each

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2
Q

Nucleic acids do not generate energy

A
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3
Q

Building blocks of proteins

A

Amino Acids

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4
Q

Amino acids are linked together by:

A

Peptide bonds (Amide Bond)

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5
Q
  • simplest amino acid
  • no optical activity
  • precursor for hemoglobin synthesis
A

Glycine (G)

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6
Q
  • next simplest amino acid
A

Alanine (A)

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7
Q
  • can be converted to tyrosine using phenylalanine hydrxoylase
  • Deficiency of enzyme: Phenylketonuria
A

Phenylalanine (F)

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8
Q

High levels of phenylalanine can lead to the accumulation of phenyl ketones which will be distributed to the urine (Phenylketonuria - mousy odor urine)

A
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9
Q
  • can be converted to catecholamines (E,N,D) via the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase
  • can be converted to melanin (brown pigment in skin) using the enzyme tyrosinase
A

Tyrosine (Y)

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10
Q

Low melanin levels (because of tyrosinase deficiency) results in:

A

Albinism

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11
Q
  • converted to serotonin (happy hormone)
  • converted to melatonin (sleep-wake cycle)
  • converted to Niacin (B3)
A

Tryptophan (W)

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12
Q

B3 Deficiency will lead to pellagra-like symptoms (4Ds) : Diarrhea, Dementia, Dermatitis, Death

A
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13
Q

The inability to absorb tryptophan; exhibits 4D symptoms

A

Hartnup’s disease

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14
Q
  • for glutathione (natural antioxidant) synthesis
  • Dimer: Cystine
A

Cysteine (C)

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15
Q
  • contains sulfur
  • well known start codon (needed for protein synthesis)
A

Methionine (M)

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16
Q

Basic Amino Acids

A

Histidine (H)
Arginine (R)
Lysine (K)

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17
Q

Acidic Amino Acids

A

Aspartic Acid (D)
Glutamic Acid (E)

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18
Q

The only amino acid without an amino group; it has an imino group

A

Proline

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19
Q

General test for proteins (amino acids)

A

Ninhydrin Test (Purple Result)

Proline: Yellow

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20
Q

Amidic Amino Acids (Neutral)

A

Asparagine (N)
Glutamine (Q)

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21
Q

Alcoholic Amino Acids

A

Serine (S)
Threonine (T)

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22
Q

Branched Chain Amino Acids
- degraded by Branched-chain
alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase

A

Leucine (L)
Isoleucine (I)
Valine (V)

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23
Q

Absence of enzyme alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase

A

Maple Syrup Urine Disease

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24
Q

Structural proteins for skin and cartilage

A

Collagen

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25
Structural proteins for vessels, dermis, tendon
Elastin
26
Structural proteins for hair and nails
Keratin
27
Structural proteins for cell membrane
Glycoproteins
28
thin & moving filament
Actin
29
thick & stationary
Myosin
30
Nutrient proteins found in egg white
Ovalbumin
31
Nutrient proteins found in milk
Casein
32
Chemical messengers
1. Insulin 2. Growth hormone/Somatropin
33
Immunoglobulin for secretions like saliva, tears
IgA
34
Smallest antibodies; can pass through the placenta to protect the baby
IgG
35
Antibody with no function yet
IgD
36
Antibody for allergy
IgE
37
The largest antibodies; first Ig produced during infection
IgM
38
Oxygen carriers
Myoglobin / Hemoglobin
39
Transport form of Fe
Transferrin
40
Storage form of Fe
Ferritin
41
Building blocks of nucleic acids; composed of sugar (ribose and deoxyribose), base, and phosphate group
Nucleotides
42
double-stranded sugar phosphate
DNA
43
single-stranded sugar phosphate
RNA
44
Complementary DNA Bases
Adenine - Thymine Cytosine - Guanine
45
Base pairs ang linked together by:
Hydrogen bonds
46
A DNA-directed DNA synthesis
Replication
47
DNA-directed RNA synthesis
Transcription
48
RNA-directed Protein Synthesis
Translation
49
End product of the Central Dogma
Protein
50
What enzyme separates the double-stranded DNA?
Helicase
51
What enzyme will start the replication process by making templates known as primers?
Primase
52
What enzyme will bind to the primer to make a new strand of DNA?
DNA Polymerase
53
This enzyme seals the fragments of DNA in both strands to form a continuous double strand?
DNA Ligase
54
DNA is coiled around proteins in the chromosomes called:
Histones
55
Within the DNA, are sections of genome called:
Gene
56
What do you call the three bases formed during protein synthesis?
Codon
57
The type of RNA that carries the amino acid to the messenger RNA
Transfer RNA
58
Purine Bases
Guanine Adenine
59
Pyrimidine Bases
Cytosine Uracil Thymine
60
There is a change in one single base. Ex. UCA (Serine) - UCG (Serine)
Point Mutation
61
Three stop codons
UAG UAA UGA
62
inserted / deleted base
Frameshift Mutation
63
Vitamin A Synonym and Deficiency - For the eyes
- Retinol - Deficiency: Xerophthalmia (dry eyes), Nyctalopia (night blindness)
64
- Sunshine Vitamin - For bone mineralization - Deficiency: Rickets (Children), Osteomalacia (Adult)
Vitamin D
65
- L-tocopherol - Antioxidant
Vitamin E
66
- Pro coagulant (it promotes blood clotting) - Hemorrhage, bleeding
Vitamin K
67
- Vitamin B1 Synonym and Deficiency
Thiamine Deficiency: Beri beri/ Wernicke Korsakoff Syndrome (alcoholism)
68
Vitamin B2 Synonym and Deficiency
Riboflavin Deficiency: Cheilosis (dryness of the mouth), Glossitis (tongue inflammation), Stomatitis (mouth sores)
69
Vitamin B3 synonym and deficiency
Niacin Deficiency: Pellagra (4D)
70
Vitamin B5 synonym and deficiency
Pantothenic acid Deficiency: Chick Anti- Dermatitis Factor (Burning Foot Syndrome)
71
Vitamin B6 synonym and deficiency
Pyridoxine Treatment: Prevents Peripheral Neuropathy in Tuberculosis (Isoniazid - causes peripheral neuropathy)
72
Vitamin B7 synonym and deficiency
Biotin Role: Carboxylation reactions
73
Vitamin B9 synonym and deficiency - Necessary for fetal development
Folic Acid Deficiency: Neural tube defects
74
Vitamin B12 Synonym and Deficiency
Cyanocobalamin Deficiency: Anemia
75
Vitamin C Synonym and Deficiency - Anti-scorbutic vitamin - Least stable
Ascorbic Acid (Cevitamic) Deficiency: Scurvy
76
Simple Amino Acids
Glycine (G) Alanine (A)
77
Aromatic Amino Acids
Phenylalanine (F) Tyrosine ( Y) Tryptophan (W)
78
Sulfur Containing Amino Acids
Cysteine (C) Methionine (M)

SEM 1 (8 decks)

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