biochem lesson 4 and 5 Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are indicators?
Compounds that reveal ph level with a change in colour
what do acids generally start with and what do bases generally end with?
H and bases end with OH
why can acids and bases conduct electricity?
Because they release ions in solutions, acids release hydrogen ions and bases release hydroxide ions
how many more times is a ph of 10 more basic than a ph of 4
10 to the 6
what is a buffer?
A buffer is a chemical or combination of chemicals that can take up excess hydrogen ions or excess hydroxide ions. Buffers resist changes in ph when an acid or base is added
describe how ph might affect body systems? give an example
if the ph changes it can cause enzymes to denature, if the blood in your lungs become more acidic then your breathing rate would increase to expel more CO2
why is carbon so important?
Because it has four electrons in an outer shell, therefore it is versatile and can form long chains
What is a macromolecule? What are they made of?give examples
Macromolecules are large organic molecules also called polymers. They are made up of smaller building blocks called monomers. carbohydrates, Lipids, proteins, Nucleic acids
What is polymerization?
The process of going from monomers into polymers
What are carbohydrates
Short term energy supply. The primary source of energy for cells(glucose)/ The structural material of plant cell walls (cellulose)
What are lipids
Long term energy storage molecule. Structural components of cell membranes. Steroid hormones
What are proteins
Structural components of the cell. Enzymes
What are nucleic acids
Genetic material that regulates cell activity
what is a polymer?
A large molecule formed from repeating subunits of smaller molecules called Monomers (ex. Proteins, starch,dna)
what is dehydration synthesis?
Forms large molecules (polymers) from small molecules (ex. sucrose)
What is hydrolysis
The opposite of dehydration synthesis. A chemical reaction in which a molecule is broken down into smaller parts by the addition of water
what is the general formula for carbohydrates? What ratio do they have? What are some examples of carbohydrates?
Cn(H2O)n, they have a 1:2:1 ratio and some examples are soft drinks or pastas
What is a monosaccharide?
A simple sugar
What is a disaccharide?
A double sugar made up by joining two monosaccharides using dehydration synthesis
What are some common disaccharides?
Sucrose(glucose+fructose), Maltose(glucose+glucose), Lactose (glucose+galactose)
What are polysaccharides?
They are composed of many sugar monosaccahrides linked together, they are a complex carbohydrate
What are some examples of Polysaccahrides?
Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose
What is starch?
The storage form of glucose in plants. Made of fairly straight chains of glucose
What is glycogen?
The storage form of glucose in animals. Many side chains of glucose
