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BIOCHEM PART 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

science concerned with the chemical basis of life

A

Biochemistry

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2
Q

chemical constituents of living cells and with the reactions and processes they undergo.

A

Biochemistry

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3
Q

a study of the compounds and processes associated with living organisms

A

Biochemistry

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4
Q

A term referring to organic compound which are essential to life

A

Biomolecule

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5
Q

Cell to organism arrangement

A

Cell —> Tissues —> Organs—> Organ system —> Organisms

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6
Q

most abundant component of cell

A

Water

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7
Q

Organic molecule percentage

A

25% to 30%

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8
Q

Nucleic acids percentage

A

7% to 10%

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9
Q

Proteins percentage

A

10% to 20%

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10
Q

Carbohydrates percentage

A

2% to 5%

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11
Q

Lipids percentage

A

3%

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12
Q

It is also the most abundant biomolecule in the cell.

A

Nucleic acids

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13
Q

contain different organelles

A

Cytoplasm

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14
Q

cytoplasm + nucleus

A

Protoplasm

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15
Q

Cell membrane other name

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE/ PLASMA LEMMA

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16
Q

The outermost structure of the cell that decides its contour

A

Cell membrane

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17
Q

outer covering of the cell that encloses the cytoplasm.

A

Cell membrane

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18
Q

It controls the entry and exit of the cell and permits certain molecules to pass thru.

A

Cell membrane

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19
Q

Cell membrane is what type of permiability?

A

SEMIPERMEABLE

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20
Q

Main component of cell membrane

A

Phospholipids

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21
Q

Phospholipids has hydrophilic head (water loving) composed of

A

phosphate, choline and glycerol

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22
Q

Phospholipids has hydrophobic tail (water fearing) composed of

A

fatty acids

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23
Q

It is embedded in cell membrane composed of carbohydrates and lipids
and important in cell signaling and cell attachment.

A

Glycoprotein & Glycolipids

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24
Q

It controls the fluidity and rigidity of the cell.

A

Cholesterol

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25
polysaturated fatty acids that is composed of 20 carbon
Arachidonic acid
26
polysaturated fatty acids that is composed of 20 carbon
Arachidonic acid
27
It is important in synthesis of eicosanoids.
Free arachidonic acid
28
Plants wall and sterol present
Cellulose; Phystosterol, B sitosterol
29
Bacteria wall and sterol present
Peptidoglycan; none
30
Fungi wall and sterol present
Chitin; Ergosterol
31
It is round centrally place structure that controls the various activities of the cell.
Nucleus
32
Information center of eukaryotic cell. It is mainly concentrated in the form of chromosomes.
Nucleus
33
It is only present in eukaryotic cells
Nucleus
34
It is the term use without nuclear membrane
nucleoid
35
It is the outer most layer of nucleus. It has nuclear pores that allows passage of large molecules
Nuclear membrane
36
It is the site of ribosome assembly and synthesis of DNA and RNA
Nucleolus
37
It is a thread like structure that contains genetic formation
Chromosome
38
It is form of DNA during cell division
Chromosomes
39
untangled form of DNA in which it is wrapped around a protein (histone protein)
Chromatin
40
half of chromosomes
Chromatid
41
any abnormality in the number of chromosomes
Aneuploidy
42
any abnormality in the number of chromosomes
Aneuploidy
43
It is called down syndrome where in triplicate copies of chromosome 21
Trisonomy 21
44
Trisomy X is also called
• xxx syndrome • super-female syndrome
45
XXY syndrome is also called
Klinefelter syndrome
46
a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function.
Organelles
47
It has an inner and outer membrane which consists of proteins and phospholipids.
Mitochondria
48
It has many energy producing activities and “Powerhouse of the cell”
Mitochondria
49
molecule present in mitochondria
Cardiolipin
50
molecule present in mitochondria
Cardiolipin
51
It play a role in different metabolic reactions.
Cardiolipin
52
It is located in inner mitochondria membrane. It is the folds in the inner membrane.
Cristae
53
It is called as ‘SUICIDAL BAGS’ of the cell, it digest the molecules brought into the cell by phagocytosis.
Lysosomes
54
Lysosomes is also called
Also called demolition sites; Scavenger of the cell
55
Are also small vesicles surrounded by a membrane. They are also called as MICROBODIES.
Perixosomes
56
They contain enzymes for H2O2 metabolism. It contains oxidase enzymes and uses O2 to detoxify harmful substances such as ROS
Peroxisomes
57
A severe form of absence or reduction of the no. of functional peroxisomes
Zellwegers syndrome
58
Zellwegers syndrome is aka
Cerebrohepatorenal syndrome
59
medium severity of absence or reduction of the no. of functional peroxisomes
Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy
60
least severe form of absence or reduction of the no. of functional peroxisomes
Infantile refsum disease
61
fluid filled cisterns
Endoplasmic reticulum
62
It is involved in protein synthesis and ribosomes are present.
Rough E.R.
63
It is involved in lipids synthesis, lipid metabolism and detoxification and ribosomes are NOT present
Smooth E.R.
64
are well developed in cells, which are involved in SECRETION
Golgi apparatus
65
It is involved in glycosylation and sulfation of proteins.
Golgi apparatus
66
Very small macromolecular complexes composed of rRNA and proteins responsible in protein synthesis (translation) on mRNA templates.
Ribosomes
67
Eukaryotic cell ribosome units
60s + 40s
68
Prokaryotic cell ribosome units
50s + 30s
69
30s examples
tetracycline and aminoglycosides
70
50s examples
chloramphenicol, erythromycin, lincomycin, streptogamins
71
manufacture storage of food
Plastid

BIOCHEM (7 decks)

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