BIOCHEM PART 2 Flashcards by Joyce Ramirez

storage of H2O (plant); storage of waste and nutrients (animals)

Vacoule

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Protein building blocks

Amino acid

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Carbohydrate building block

Monosaccharide

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Lipid building block

Fatty acid

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Protein bond

Peptide

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Carbohydrate bond

Glycosidic

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Lipid bond

Ester

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Nucleic acid building block

Nucleotide

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Nucleic acid bond

Phosphodiester

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Example of protein

Pepsin, Hemoglobin

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Carbohydrates example

Starch, Glycogen

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Lipid example

Wax, Triglyceride

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Nucleic acid examples

DNA, RNA

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glycerol + fatty acids

Triglycerides

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glycerol + fatty acids

Triglycerides

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long chain of alcohol + long chain of fatty acids

Waxes

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long chain of alcohol + long chain of fatty acids

Waxes

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Most abundant organic molecule in nature

Carbohydrates

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1g lipid

9kcal

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1g carbohydrates

4kcal

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1g alcohol

7kcal

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complex molecule protein + carbohydrate

Proteoglycans

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form in GAGS (glycosaminoglycans) or mucopolysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharides units

Heteropolysaccharide + Peptide (core protein)

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composed of 1 sugar acid (glucuronic acid and iduronic acid) and 1 amino acid (N-acetyl glucosamine and N-acetyl galactosamine)

Disaccharides

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Also known as mucopolysaccharide

Glycosaminoglycans

act as skeletal joint lubricant

Chondrotin sulfate, Hyaluronic acid

It prevent and treat arthritis and blocks the enzyme that breaks down cartilage

Chondrotin sulfate

important structural tissue and organ and wound repair and blood coagulation

Dermatan Sulfate

blood coagulation, cell differentiation and inflammatory response

Heparin sulfate

treatment of clots and thrombosis

Heparin

it does not contain sulfate

Glucuronic acid

important in cartilage and cornea and only GAG that does not contain sugar acid

Keratan sulfate

Function of carbohydrates - Lubricant of skeletal joints

True

Function of carbohydrates — major component of bacterial cell walls and soft cell coats in animal tissues

True

Function of carbohydrates — Provide adhesion between cells and example

True glycoconjugates

Function of Carbohydrates — Transport functions (biochemical transport) and example

True ; transferrin

responsible for the transport of iron copper

Transferrin

Function of carbohydrates — Confer biologic specificity on animal cell surface and example

True ; Antigen

Antigen aka

glycolipids or spingolipids

Function of carbohydrates — Supply precursors for synthesis of vital biologic substances and examples

True ; Enzymes, Hormones, Precursor of DNA and RNA

formation of glucose from non hexose precursor (activate pyruvate glycerol)

Gluconeogenesis

Pyruvate to glucose

Gluconeogenesis

glucose to pyruvate

Glycolysis

Simplest ketone

dihydroxyacetone

Crystalline carbohydrates

Monosaccharide and Disaccharide

Fibrous carbohydrates

Oligosaccharide and Polysaccharide

the simplest sugar; building block of carbohydrates

Monosaccharides

Contains 3-10 carbon atoms and can be classified according to: the number of carbon atoms, the functional group present (aldose/ketose), ring structure formed

Monosaccharide

5 membered carbon ring

Furan

6 membered ring

Pyran

reducing

Monosaccharide

Reducing or non reducing

Disaccharide

Non reducing

Polysaccharide

Triose example

Glyceraldehyde

Tetrose

Erythrose

Pentose example

Ribose, Xylose

Hexose example

Glucose, Fructose, Mannose

Heptose example

Sedoheptulose

Nonose

Neuraminic acid

Glucose other name

Dextrose, Blood sugar, Corn sugar, Physiologic sugar, D-glucopyanose, Grape sugar

Glucose is an

Aldohexose

Primary source of energy and naturally found in blood

Glucose

lowers blood glucose

Glucagon

Xylose is a

Ketoaldose

Xylose other name

Wood sugar

It is obtain from boiling corn cab with acid

Xylose

Diagnostic agent for intestinal malabsorption

Xylose

Fructose is a

Ketohexoses

Fructose other name

Levulose, Fruit Sugar

mixture of equal amounts of glucose and fructose

Invert sugar

It is a test that is positive only in ketoses

Seliwanoff’s Test

Seliwanoff’s Test result

Cherry red

Galactose is a

Aldohexose

Galactose other name

Brain sugar

act as important component of myelin sheath which is a protective covering of neuron and responsible for rapid transmission of neurons

Galactocerebroside

C4 epimer of glucose

Galactose

if this enzyme is low = galactosemia

Galactose 1 phosphate uridyl transferase

Test for galactose

Mucic acid test

Mucic acid test result

Crystal formation

Mannose is an

aldohexose

Other name of mucic acid

Galactaric acid

BIOCHEM PART 2 Flashcards

(81 cards)