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Biochemical Tests Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Results for Lysine Iron Agar

A

Slant (Deamination) = Burgundy red (+); Purple (-)
Butt (Decarboxylation) = Purple (+); Yellow (-)

Purple: Deamination neg, Decarboxylation pos

*deAmination & deCarboxylation = A first sa alphabet meaning una makita from opening of tube (slant)

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2
Q

Result interpretation of LIA

A

K/K (Purple/Purple) : Decarboxylase (+)
R/A (Red-Burgundy/Yellow) : Deamination (+) w/ Glucose Fermentation
K/A (Purple/Yellow) : Decarb & Deam (-) w/ Glucose fermentation

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3
Q

What organisms presents as K/K, H2S(+) on LIA

A

Salmonella

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4
Q

What organism presents as K/A, H2S (-) on LIA

A

Shigella

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5
Q

What organism Presents as R/A, H2S (-) o LIA

A

Proteus, Providencia, Morganella (PPM)

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6
Q

Organisms reported as K/K on LIA

A

E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter (EKE)
Serratia
Hafnia
Salmonella

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7
Q

Reported as K/A on LIA

A

Enterobacter cloacae
Yersinia spp
Shigella spp

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8
Q

Reported as R/A on LIA

A

Proteus, Providencia, Morganella (PPM)

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9
Q

Determines the ability of an organism to use citrate as sole carbon source and inorganic ammonium salts as sole nitrogen source

A

Citrate Utilization Test

Part of IMViC (indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, and citrate), which is used to differentiate Enterobacteriaceae from other gram-negative rods

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10
Q

Media used for Citrate Utilization test

A

Simmon citrate

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11
Q

pH indicator of Citrate utilization

A

Bromthymol Blue

*SHOT tag gsm Blue (Simmon Citrate Agar, HEA, OF medium, Thiosufate Citrate Bile Sucrose Agar)

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12
Q

Positive result for Citrate Utilization Test

A

Growth in the medium w/ or w/out a change in the color of the indicator

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13
Q

Positive and Negative QC for Citrate utilization test

A

Positive QC: Serratia
Negative QC: E. coli

Enterobacter (+), Other gram neg rods (-)

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14
Q

Principle is based on the ability of some bacteria to hydrolyze urea into ammonia water and CO2, leading to alkalinity of the medium

A

Urease Test

Proteus spp. may be presumptively identified by the ability to rapidly hydrolyze urea

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15
Q

pH Indicator of Urease Test

A

Phenol Red

*TX MU C Aling Dionesia Pacqiuao (TSI, XLD, MSA, Urease, Acidimetric, Dermatophyte Test Medium: Phenol Red)

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16
Q

Medium used for Urea Test

A

Christensen Urea

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17
Q

Other name for Urease Method

A

Christensen’s Method

*Name from the medium used: Christensen Urea

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18
Q

Positive Result for Urea

A

Color change from Yellow to RED (Orange to Magenta)

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19
Q

Positive & Negative QC for Urease Test

A

Positive QC: Citrobacter
Negative QC: E. coli

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20
Q

What are the Rapid Urease positive Bacteria

A

Proteus, Providencia, Morganella (PPM)

*Other Urease (+) organism Mnemonic (PUNCH: Proteus, Providencia, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Citrobacter, Helicobacter)

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21
Q

What are slow Urease positive organism

A

Citrobacter
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Yersinia
Serratia

*Mnemonic C-KEYS (U have C-KEYS to my heart)

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22
Q

Measures and organism’s ability to decarboxylate/hydrolyze an amino acid to produce amine

A

Decarboxylase Test

*Differentiate decarboxylase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from other gram-negative rods

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23
Q

pH indicator of Decrboxylase test

A

Bromcrescol Purple

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24
Q

Positive result for Decarboxylase test

A

Color change from Yellow (acid) to Purple (Alkaline)

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25
What are the amino acids used in Decarboxylase test and what are the products of their decarboxylation
Lysine > Cadaverine Ornithine > Putrescine Arginine > Citrulline
26
Positive QC for Decarboxylation test
Lysine = Klebsiella pneumoniae Ornithine = Klebsiella obsytoca Arginine = Klebsiella obsytoca
27
Determines the ability of anorganism to ferment a specific carbohydrate in a basal medium, w/ or w/out gas production
Fermentation Media ## Footnote A fermentation medium consists of a basal medium containing a single carbohydrate (glucose, lactose, or sucrose) for fermentation and a color indicator of choice
28
What is used in Fermentation media that allows for differentiation of EBC's (Enterobacterceae) from Coryneforms ## Footnote Coryneforms = Corynebacterium
Peptone medium w/ Andrade's acid fuchsin ## Footnote *Brain Heart infusion Broth w/ Bromcresol purple is used to distinguish enterococci from streptococci*
29
What is used to detect gas formation in in fermentation media
Durham tube
30
Positive result for fermentation media
Indicator changes color to pink w/ or w/out Gas production ## Footnote *Negative result = no color change (Solution remains clear/ Pale Yellow/ Straw colored)*
31
Organism that presents as Positive (Pink), with gas on Fermentation Media
E. coli
32
Organism that presents as Positive (Pink), without gas on fermentation media
Shigella
33
Organism that presents as Negative (Straw/Pale yellow/Clear) on fermentation media
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ## Footnote *Cannot ferment glucose*
34
This test is used to identify organisms that produce the enzyme tryptophanase
Indole Test ## Footnote Tryptophanase: Hydrolyzes: Tryptophan > indole + Pyruvic acid/Pyruvate + Ammonia *Test is part of IMViC*
35
Reagent used for Enterobacteriaceae in Indole test
Kovac's reagent ## Footnote Contains para-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB), and concentrated hydrochloric acid
36
Reagent used for other gram negative bacilli in Indole Test
Ehrlich's Reagent ## Footnote p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB) and Xylene
37
Positive result of Indole Test
Pink to wine colored ring
38
Indole positive and negative organism using Kovac's method
Positive: E. coli Negative: K. pneumoniae
39
Indole positive and negative organism using Ehrlich's method
Positive: Elizabethkingia meningoseptica Negative: CDC group EO-2
40
Determines organism's ability to produce and maintain stable acid end products from glucose fermentation
Methyl Red Test ## Footnote pH indicator: Methyl Red *Combination test with Vogues-Proskauer*
41
Positive, weakly positive result and negative results for Methyl Red Test
Positive = Red Weakly Positive = Red orange Negative = Yellow
42
Positive and Negative QC for Methyl Red
Positive QC: E. coli Negative QC: Enterobacter
43
Determines the organism's ability to produce neutral end products from glucose fermentation
Voges Proskauer
44
Method of Voges Proskauer used on Gram Negative Rods
Barritt's Method
45
Reagents Used for Barritt's Method (Voges Proskauer)
Solution A: a-Naphthol Solution B: 40% KOH
46
Positive and Negative QC for Barritt's Method (Voges Proskauer)
Positive QC: E. coli Negative QC: Enterobacter aerogenes
47
Method used for Streptococci (Voges Proskauer)
Coblentz
48
Reagents for Coblentz method (Voges Proskauer)
Solution A: alpha-naphthol Solution B: 40% KOH + Creatine ## Footnote *Barritt's Method Reagents: Same with Coblentz but w/out Creatine on Sol B*
49
Positive and Negative QC for Coblentz Method (Voges Proskauer)
Positive QC: Streptococcus mutans Negative QC: Streptococcus mitis
50
Positive and Negative result for Voges Proskauer
Positive: Red Negative: Yellow ## Footnote *Same as Methyl Red*
51
Determines an organism's ability to reduce nitrate to nitrite
Nitrate Reduction Test ## Footnote Detects the presence or absece of three metabolic products: gas, nitrate, and nitrite
52
Reagents used for Nitrate Reduction Test
1st: Sulfanilic Acid & Alpha-Naphtylamide 2nd: Zinc ## Footnote *Sulfanilic Acid + Nitrite + alpha-naphthylamide = red color (Nitrate is reduced by organism)* *Add Zinc + Nitrate = red color (Nitrate is not reduced by organism)* *No Color Change = Nitrate reduced to other nitrogen compounds*
53
QC for Nitrate Reduction Test
Positive Nitrate (NO3+), no gas: E. coli Nitrite (NO3+), gas: Pseudomonas aeruginosa Negative: Acinetobacter spp ## Footnote *All members of the Enterobacteriaceae family reduce nitrate, but some members further metabolize nitrite to other compounds*
54
This test determines an organism's ability to produce the enzyme: B-galactosidase
ONPG Test o-Nitrophenyl-b-D-Galactopyranoside (ONPG) Test ## Footnote *Distinguishes late lactose fermenters from non-lactose fermenters*
55
Beta-galactosidase hydrolyzes ONPG to ________
Orthonitrophenol
56
Positive Result for ONPG Test
Yellow ## Footnote *Due to Orthonitrophenol which is a yellow compound*
57
Positive and Negative QC for ONPG Test
Positive QC: E. coli Negative QC: Salmonella typhimurium ## Footnote Positive QC: Shigella sonnei (Bailey's) *Mnemonic for Late Lactose Fermenter (Yanna Eats Half Sugar Cookies) Yersinia, Erwinia, Hafnia, Shigella Sonnei, Salmonella arizonae, Serratia, Citrobacter*
58
Determines the organism's ability to oxidatively deaminate phenylalanine to phenylpyruvic acid
Phenylalanine Deaminase Test ## Footnote *Morganella, Proteus, and Providencia can be differentiated from other members of the Enterobacteriaceae family*
59
Reagent used to determine the presence of phenylpyruvic acid in Phenylalanine Deaminase Test
10% Ferric Chloride
60
Positive result of Phenylalanine Deaminase Test
Development of Green color upon addition of reagent
61
Positive and Negative QC of Phenylalanine Deaminase Test
Postive QC: PPM Negative QC: E. coli
62
A rapid test used to determine the presence of Tryptophanase
Spot Indole Test | RAPID TEST
63
Reagent for Spot Indole Test
1% para-dimethylamino-CINNAMALDEHYDE ## Footnote Indole Test: Para-dimethylamino-BENZALDEHYDE
64
Positive result for Spot Indole Test
Development of blue color w/in 20 sec ## Footnote *Negative: No color development/ slight pink*
65
Positive QC and Negative QC for Spot Indole Test
Positive QC: E. coli Negative QC: Enterobacter cloacae/K. pneumoniae ## Footnote Indole Test Positive QC: E. coli Negative QC: K. pneumoniae
66
Test used to differentiate Group B Streptococci from other Strep spp.
CAMP Test | Christie, Atkins, and Munch-Peterson (CAMP) test ## Footnote Group B Strep produce CAMP fator > acts synergistically w/ B-lysin of S. aureus = Enhanced Lysis of RBC
67
Media used for CAMP Test
BAP
68
Positive Result for CAMP test
Enhanced zone of hemolysis (Arrow-head zone of hemolysis)
69
Positive and Negative QC for CAMP Test
Positive QC: S. agalactiae Negative QC: S. pyogenes ## Footnote *All Group B Strep & Listeria monocytogenes = CAMP +*
70
Determines the ability of Organisms to hydrolyze the glycoside esculin
Esculin Hydrolysis Test ## Footnote *Presumptive identification and differentiation of Enterobacteriaceae*
71
Positive result for Esculin Hydrolysis Test
Blackening of medium with loss of fluorescence under Wood's lamp ## Footnote Negative = No blackening with No loss of fluorescence / Slight blackening w/ no loss of fluorescence
72
Positive & Negative QC of Esculin Hydrolysis Test
Positive QC: Klebsiella pneumoniae Negative QC: Shigella flexneri
73
Determines whether an organism produce gas during glucose fermentation
MRS Broth | de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe broth ## Footnote *Some Lactobacillus spp. and Leuconostoc spp. produce gas*
74
Positive result of MRS broth
Growth and Gas production indicated by bubble in durham tube
75
Positive & Negative QC for MRS Broth
Positive: Leuconostoc (part of the family Lactobacillaceae) Negative: Pediococcus spp
76
This test is used to differentiate microorganisms based on the ability to oxidize or ferment specific carbohydrates
Oxidation/Fermentation (O/F)/ Hugh & Leifson Medium ## Footnote Oxidation: oxidizing of a compound in the presence of enzymes and molecular oxygen Fermentation: transformation of sugars to acids and alcohols in the presence of enzymes and absence of molecular oxygen
77
Nonfermentative bacteria are commonly tested for six sugars. What are they?
Glucose, Xylose, Mannitol, Lactose, Sucrose, Maltose
78
pH indicator used in Hugh & Leifson medium
Bromthymol Blue ## Footnote *Mnemonic (SHOT tag gsm Blue/ Br) Simmon Citrate, HEA, OF Medium, Thiosulfate Bile Sucrose Agar
79
Positive Result for OF Medium
Yellow ## Footnote Bromthymol Blue: Yellow = Ac, Blue/Green = Alk *In Bailey's Phenol Red is used: Yellow = Ac, Red = Alk*
80
Positive QC for OF Medium
Fermenter: E. coli Oxidizer: P. aeruginosa Nonutilizer: Alcaligenes faecalis ## Footnote *Alcaligenes = Alkaline = Always Alkaline = CANNOT BREAKDOWN SUGARS*
81
Aids in the differentiation E. faecalis & E. faecium ## Footnote Through their ability to utilize Pyruvate
Pyruvate Broth
82
pH indicator used in Pyruvate
Bromthymol Blue ## Footnote *NEW MNEMONIC (SHOT ug Br Pre) Simmon Citrate, HEA, OF medium, Thiosulfate Bile Sucrose, Pyruvate*
83
Positive result for Pyruvate
Yellow ## Footnote Negative: Blue/Green or no color change *Yellow-green reaction = Weak reaction = Negative*
84
Positive and Negative QC for Pyruvate
Positive QC: E. faecalis Negative QC: E. faecium
85
Difference between Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Lethal Concentration
MIC: Lowest concentration of antimicrobial/drug that will inhibit growth of bacteria after overnight incubation MLC: Lowest concentration of antimicrobial/drug that will kill a particular bacterium
86
Agar used for Susceptibility Testing
Mueller Hinton Agar
87
Depth of Agar for Susceptibility Testing
4 mm
88
pH of Agar for Susceptibility Testing
7.2 - 7.4
89
Incubation temp and time for Antimicrobial testing
37 deg c for 16-18 hours
90
Composition of McFarland standard
99.5% H2SO4 & 0.5mL of 1.175% BaCl2
91
This test uses the principle of predefined antibiotic gradient on a plastic strip to generate an MIC value
E-test

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