Biochemistry Flashcards by Aime Ordonez

TEE is what

and what is included

Total energy expenditure

includes: BMR, TEF, EEPA

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BMR

Basal Metabolic Rate
60-80% of TEE
Depends on age, lean body mass, gender and hormones

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Who has the highest calories needs

an infant

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If age goes up what happens to BMR

It will decrease

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Women vs Men BMR

women have 5-10% lower BMR vs Men

men will lose weight faster due to gender and hormones

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RQ is important in what disease

respiratory disease

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If a patient has COPD what would you do

increase fat and decrease CHO to lower RQ

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RQ 
CHO
Protein
fat
Mixed

cho: 1
protein: 0.82
Fat: 0.7
Mixed 0.85

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Indirect calorimetry

athletes, ill individual and burned patients

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Omega 3,s

Functions:
Sources
Name

Functions: TG, Reduces inflammation
Sources: walnuts, salmon, oyster, chia seeds
Name: Alpha Linolenic Acid (omega 3) 3 words

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Omega 6’s

Functions:
Def:
Sources
Name

Function: Builds fetal nervous system
Def: leads to petechiae and eczema
Sources: soybeans, corn, eggs, fish sallower, rice,
Linoleic acid( Omega 6)

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Winterized Oils

Corn, soy, cottonseed oil can stand temperature and become winterized and can be stored in fridge
Clear not cloudy

Olive oil can’t be in fridge will become cloudy

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Glycoysis

Breakdown glucose and makes pyruvate for TCA cycle

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Where doe glycolysis happen

cytoplasm

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where does TCA happen

mitochandira

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In lack of absence of O2

Lactic acid is made

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Secretin
Function:
Stimulates:

hormone
inhibits gastric acid secretion, gastrin
Stimulated flow of pancreatic juice and water into the duodenum

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Gastric

hormone
stimulates gastric secretion and gastric motility
released in stomach, duodenum and pancreas

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Where is bile produced

where is it stored

produced in the liver

stored in Gall Bladder

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Types of digestion

chemical/enzymatic
mechanical/ muscular
bacterial

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Conditionally essential AA

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In(SISTIN)g to (GLI)de your (GLUT)es in (ARGEN)tina is (PRO)bably (TIR)ing SIR

Cysteine
Glycine
Glutamine
Arginine
Proline
Tyrosine
Serine

Elderly are low in

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Iron and Calcium

Gelatin

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is mostly pork-based and low in methionine and lysine with no tryptophan

Alcohol

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is absorbed in the stomach and the small intes-ne – it is digested / broken down in the
liver

Most glucogenic AA

Alanine

For obese patients and normal patients use which formula

Mifflin St. Joer

For obese and underweight use which formula

ABW Actual body weight

If you use Omega 6 instead of CHO | "Corn instead of white rice can lower..."

LDL lowers HDL Increases can lower the bad cholesterol (LDL)

If you use Omega 6 instead of Saturated fat "Cooking with safflower oil vs coconut oil can lower"

TC (total cholesterol) lowers HDL lowers can lower TC AND HDL

If you use Omega 3 instead of High CHO "A handful of walnuts as a snack instead of crackers.."

TG lowers TC stays the same can lower TG

Ketone Bodies 1 2 3

Acetoacetic acid Acetone Beta- hydroxybutyric acid

What does it mean if a person has high plasma pyruvate

it means deficient is B vitamins ( most likely Thiamin)

When acidic chyme enters the duodenum

it mixes with fluids and bicarbonate to neutralize the acid

essential amino acid

TV TILL PMH Threonine, Valine Tryptophan, Isoleucine, Leucine ,Lysine Phenylalanine, Methionine, Histidine

PKU what amino acid is needed

tyrosine

Anabolism

build up require energy ex: growth hormone, insulin, estrogen "Anabel is an architect, requires energy to build, and she is type 1 diabetic and needs insulin."

Catabolism

breaking down release energy ex: cortisol, glucagon, adrenaline "a cat breaks things and releases energy"

When extracellular water increases in relation to Intracellular water

health problems acute inflammation renal disease

extracellular electrolytes intracellular electrolytes

extra: Na Sodium, calcium, bicarbonate Intra: K Potassium , magnesium, phosphorus

Insulin

Hormone produced by beta cells of pancreas Decreases BG levels becomes active when BG levels are high Stimulates glycogen by increasing glucose uptake in the liver Stimulates the uptake of Glucose and AA into the cells (Gliosis) promotes lipogenesis (Inhibits Gluconeogenesis)

Glucagon

Hormone produce by alpha cells on the pancreas Stimulates glycogen breakdown Becomes active when BG is low Stimulates the release of fatty acids from TG Stimulates Gluconeogenesis

B6 is important for

Pyridoxine is needed to transamination and deamination

Nitrogen balance formula

Pro(gm/6.25- (UUN+4)

MCT's

are ketogenic, do not need lipase to break down and directly absorbed MCT --> portal vein --> liver

CHO enzyme, produced by site of action

1. salivary amylase, 1. salivary glands 1, mouth 2. pancreatic amylase 2. Pancreas 2. Small Intestine 3. Maltase 3. Small Intestine 3. Small intestine

Protein enzyme produced by site of action

1. Pepsin 1. Gastric Glands 1. Stomach 2. Trypsin 2. Pancreas 2. Small intestine 3. Peptidases 3. Small intestine 3. Small intestine

Fat Enzyme Produced by Site of action

lipids (Lipase), Pancreas, Small Intestine

Essential AA during illness

Glutamine, Arginine

respiratory acidosis What caused it solution

``` respiratory= lungs acidosis= ph acidic ``` Caused by lungs retaining acid solution: kidney increase absorption of base(Bicarbonate)

Metabolic Acidosis what caused it solution

``` Metabolic= kidneys Acidosis= acidic ``` caused when the body produced to much acid and kidneys can't remove solution: increase respiration, hyperventilate.

Metabolic Alkalosis what caused it solution

metabolic= kidneys Alkalosis= caused by: retention of base, vomiting, dehydration, loss of stomach acid or diuretic use Solution: Decrease air, Hypoventilation.

Respiratory Alkalosis what caused it Solution

respiratory= lungs alkalosis- base caused: low blood levels of CO2 during hyperventilation Solution: kidneys increase exertion of base

Biochemistry Flashcards

(52 cards)