MNT and Disease part 2

Question 1

Addison’s disease

why
mnt
treatment

Answer 1

why: adrenal cortex insufficiency,

MNT: high protein, high salt, frequent meals

treatment: corticosteroids, vitamin D and calcium

Question 2

Goiter

Answer 2

enlargement of the thyroid gland

avoid goitrogens
cruciferous veg, soy products

Question 3

Gout

why:
Avoid
Diet

Answer 3

When in Gout don’t drink alcohol
Why: Disorder of purine metabolism
Increase serum acid
Avoid: avoid alcohol, no red meat, seafood, processed foods
Diet: moderate protein, liberal CHO low fat

Question 4

Galactosemia

Diet:

Answer 4

Diet is the only treatment
needs galactose and lactose free diet
breastfeeding is not recommended

Question 5

Glycogen storage disease

what is is it
what does it cause
diet

Answer 5

no glucose 6 phosphatase in liver resulting in unable to convert glycogen into glucose leading to hypoglycemia.

low fat diet, consistent glucose feedings

Question 6

PKU
why: 
Avoid: 
Supplement
Restrict
Diet

Answer 6

why: Phenylalanine can't be converted to tyrosine 
Avoid: aspartame
supplement: tyrosine
restrict: phenylalanine
Diet :need low CHO

Question 7

Homocystinuria

what is it:
Supplement with:

Answer 7

amino acid disorder

supplement b6 B9 B12

Question 8

Arthritis
why:
meds:
Diet

Answer 8

Why: inflammation of joints, 
Meds: antioxidants, anti-inflammatory disease
Diet: Mediterranean diet
NSAID 
Aspirin and weight loss

Question 9

Epilepsy
why
Diet:

Answer 9

Why: abnormal brain activity

Ketogenic diet for children (high in fat 90% calories come from fat) 4 to 1 ratio

Question 10

Cerebral Palsy

Why:

Answer 10

Why: motor disability
spastic= low calories to prevent obesity, high fiber and fluid to prevent constipation
non-spastic= high calories, high protein, finger foods to prevent weight loss

Question 11

Paralysis

what is it
Diet
Supplements

Answer 11

inability to move due to injury, stroke
10% below energy needs
stage 1-2 = 1.2-1.5 pro/kg
Stage 3-4 1.5-2.0 pro
then supplement with vitamin C and Zinc

Question 12

ADHD

name
diet
medications

Answer 12

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
healthy diet
ADHD medication- weight loss, loss of appetite

Question 13

Alzheimer’s disease

what is it
diet

Answer 13

type of dementia

diet: finger foods,
avoid distraction,
Mediterranean diet, consistent meal times,
diet low in saturated fats

Question 14

COPD

what is it
diet:

Answer 14

pulmonary disease, breathing is hard
they require more energy

Small frequent meals with high cal and protein
high fat diet is better

Question 15

Cystic Fibroses

Answer 15

Pancreatic insuffiency where thick mucus is formed in lungs blocking airways
PERT with meals and snacks that contain fat
high pro, high calories
water soluble, fat soluble vitamin
high salt

Question 16

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 16

Pancreatic insufficiency where thick mucus is formed in lungs blocking airways
PERT with meals and snacks that contain fat
high pro, high calories
water soluble, fat soluble vitamin
high salt
MCT with malabsorption

Question 17

Marasmus

Answer 17

loss of fat
severe malnutrition 
normal or low albumin levels
no edema
abdomen is not distended

Question 18

Kwashiorkor

Answer 18

Losing visceral protein
low albumin 
protein deficiency
edema is present
distended abdomen

Question 19

Anasarca

Answer 19

low albumin

Question 20

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 20

Distorted body image, not eating to lose weight
1: correct electrolyte imbalance
then plan to reintroduce feared foods

Question 21

Bulimia

Answer 21

Binging and purging

focus on preventing further damage

Question 22

Class 1
Class 2
Class 3

Answer 22

class 1: 30-34.9
Class 2: 35-39.9 (can have bariatric surgery)
Class 3: above 40 (can have bariatric sugery)

Question 23

Class 1
Class 2
Class 3

Answer 23

class 1: 30-34.9
Class 2: 35-39.9 (can have bariatric surgery with comorbidities)
Class 3: above 40 (can have bariatric surgery with no comorbidities)

Question 24

the function of healthy kidneys

Answer 24

to remove waste
to remove excess fluid
to control blood pressure,
regulate sodium and potassium 
to make red blood cells
to activate Vitamin D

Question 25

Hemodialysis

Answer 25

3-4 times a week less pro and potassium allowed hemodialyzer used to remove waste and extra fluid from the blood done at outpatient center

Question 26

Hemodialysis

Answer 26

3-4 times a week less pro and potassium allowed done at outpatient center

Question 27

Peritoneal

Answer 27

everyday/ even while asleep more pro and potassium done at home

Question 28

side effects of peritoneal

Answer 28

high blood sugar due to dextrose weight gain fever and abdomen pain

Question 29

Renal Diet

Answer 29

Phosphate binder and potassium binders low phos, low pos, low sodium, adequate pro 48oz fluid a day renal MV

Question 30

acute kidney injury

Answer 30

due to burns, trauma, severe dehydration 1.2-1.5 if catabolic or needs dialysis 1.0-1.3 for non catabolic without dialysis replace fluid output from previous day +500ml

Question 31

Nephrosis

Answer 31

increased glomerular which leads to loss of P from the plasma

Question 32

Nephrosis

Answer 32

increased glomerular which leads to loss of P from the plasma into urine low protein fluid restriction with edema

Question 33

MSUD

Answer 33

inborn error of BCAA | restrict BCAA

Question 34

bone disorder type 1 type 2 diet

Answer 34

type 1: women after menopause, white and Asian women type 2: age related over 70 low salt, fruits, veggies

Question 35

Neutropenic diet

Answer 35

``` low bacteria no raw foods, no undercooked eggs no unpasteurized dairy and juice avoid left overs no deli or cured meats ```

Question 36

High Phosphorus foods levels

Answer 36

``` Dairy Cheese Yogurt Dark Sodas Processed meat and eggs ``` less then 5.5

Question 37

If pt. has high phos in dialysis

Answer 37

pulls calcium out of the bones

Question 38

``` CKD stage 1 stage 2 stage 3 stage 4 ```

Answer 38

STAGE 1: 90 0.8-1.4 STAGE 2: 60 to 89 0.8-1.4 STAGE 3: 30 to 59 0.6-0.8 STAGE 4: 15 to 29 0.6-0.8