biochemistry Flashcards by syd lyle

characteristics of polysaccharides

many monosaccharides bonded together

dehydration synthesis changes monomers to polymers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

types of polysaccharides

starch
cellulose
glycogen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

starch

alpha linkage
storage molecule in plants
few branches

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cellulose

beta linkage
indigestible
structural molecule in plants
straight chain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

glycogen

alpha linkage
many branches
storage molecule in animals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

carbohydrate functions

energy production (glucose)
energy storage in plants and animals(starch in plants and glycogen in animals)

structural builds cell wall as in plants

cell membrane markers(receptors)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

lipid characteristics

insoluble in water
waxy, oily
contain C, H, and O with a H:O ratio much larger than 2:1

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

lipid functions

long term energy storage in fat tissue

insulation around major organs

structural in cell membranes

hormones: cholesterol, sex hormones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

common types of lipids

fatty acids

neutral fats

phospholipids

steroids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

fatty acids

16-18 carbons with the acid group at the end

two types

UNsaturated- double bonds, e.g. oils and margarine

SATURATED- no double bonds, solids, butter

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

neutral fats

formed from glycerol plus fatty acids

monoglyceride- one fatty acid and glycerol
diglyceride-two fatty acids
triglyceride-three fatty acids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

phospholipids

formed by replacing one fatty acid in a triglyceride with a PHOSPHATE containing group

this causes the molecule to be POLAR which is hydrophilic (likes water)

and the tail part to be NON-polar and hydrophobic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

steroids

FOUR CARBON RINGS

e.g. sex hormones(estrogen and testosterone) and cholesterol(insoluble, blocks arteries)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

emulsifiers

SOAP

made from a base and a fat

it is non polar at one end and attracts fat and polar at the other end so it attracts water

they great a large glob of fat into smaller droplets increasing surface area of the fat so it can be further broken down

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

nucleic acid function

nucleic acid‘s are chemicals which carry hereditary or genetic information example DNA or RNA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

nucleic acid structure

nucleic acid‘s are huge macromolecule - compounds that are polymers of nucleotides

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

DNA/deoxyribonucleic acid

DNA makes up chromosomes and genes

it controls all activities including cell division and proteins synthesis

DNA also undergoes mutations which are important to the process of evolution

DNA has a double helix structure and is made up of the nucleotides guanine cytosine adenine and thymine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

RNA/ribonucleic acid

words with DNA to direct protein synthesis

made from nucleotides

HAS URASIL

5 nucleotides

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

DNA and RNA structures

DNA and RNA or polymers of nucleotides that form a dehydration synthesis between nucleotides

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

nucleotide structure

nucleotides consist of a five carbon sugar(pentose, ribose or deoxyribose), a phosphate and a nitrogen containing base which may have one or two rings

4 different nucleotides in DNA

The sequence of these nucleotides is the genetic code

RNA has one different nucleotide for a total of five different nucleotides

ATP(adenosine triphosphate) is also an important nucleotide which is not a part of the nucleic acid it is ENERGY CURRENCY in the cell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

________ Is the study of carbon compounds

organic chemistry

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

it is said that life on earth is ______

carbon based

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A polymer made up of many amino acids join together

polypeptides

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A fatty acid which has no double bonds between carbon atoms is called

saturated

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

soap is one type of _________which are substances which help break large fat droplets into small fat droplets to help them mix with water

emulsifier

nucleic nucleic acid which is a single strand

RNA

this process breaks between subunits in organic polymers

hydrolysis

The carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of plants is called??

cellulose

Another name for fat

lipid

The storage form of carbohydrates and plants

starch

acidity is created by an excess of_______ ions in the solution

hydrogen

heavy _____ can alter the three-dimensional shape of a protein

metals

A nucleotide is made up of a ______ a pentose and a nitrogenous base

phosphate

A pH above 7.0 was considered?

basic

This element common and living organisms conform up to four bonds with other substances

carbon

Forms went to glucose molecules are joined together

maltose

______ are lipids which contain 4 rings in their structure

steroids

nucleic acid with a double helix shape

DNA

_____ bonds are strong

covalent

6 carbon sugar

hexose

the subunit which makes up nucleic acids

nucleotides

5 carbon sugar

pentose

pH below 7.0

Acidic

pH of exactly 7.0

neutral

This level of protein structure can either be at Alpha helix or beta-pleated sheet

secondary

A carbohydrate made up of many subunits

Polysaccharide

A fatty acid which contains at least one double bond between carbon atoms is called

Unsaturated

this level of protein structure is the sequence of the amino acids that make up the proteins

Primary

How many different kinds of amino acids exist

Carbohydrates provide us with?

energy

this special kind of nucleotide which is used to transmit energy within living organisms

ATP | adenosine triphosphate

compounds with your primarily made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen are called

organic compounds

A proteins three-dimensional shape is extremely important in order for it to??

function properly

_________Or a type of lipid that make up a significant portion of the cell membrane

phospholipids

water is a good solvent because it’s molecules are ______- having a slight + and - charge

POLAR

A disaccharide formed when a glucose and fructose molecule join together

sucrose

A carbohydrate made up of only one subunit

Monosaccharide

This process crates bonds between subunits in organic polymers

Dehydration synthesis

Excessive ______ can cause a pro Tien to lose its three dimensional shape

heat

The term for a protein losing its three dimensional

Dénaturation

The subunit that makes up polypeptides

amino acids

A 2 to 1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is a characteristic of?

carbohydrate molecule

A neutral fat that contains glycerol and only one fatty acid chain would be a??

monoglyceride

A substance which helps to hold the pH of a solution is called

a buffer

The type of carbohydrate only use in your cells

glucose

A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance

PH levels

A carbohydrate made up of two subunits

Disaccharide

Hydrogen bonds are _____ bonds

weak

this level of protein structure occurs when two or more proteins join with each other to form a larger proteins structure

quaternary

A molecule made up of two amino acids join together

dipeptide

This level of protein structure occurs when the pro team begins to fold upon itself creating a 3-D shape

Tertiary

The storage form of carbohydrate and animals

glycogen

sequence of 3 atoms which is a characteristic of an amino acid

N-C-C

biochemistry Flashcards

(73 cards)