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biology 12 > nervous system > Flashcards

nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

the nervous system is responsible for__________ and ________

A

co ordination of movement and response to environmental stimuli

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2
Q

what are neurons

A

nerve cells that specialize to carry nerve impulses

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3
Q

two major divisions of the nervous system

A

central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

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4
Q

central nervous system

A

includes brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

rest of the nervous system

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6
Q

parts of a neuron

dendrites

A

they have lots of surface area to pick up never impulses and conduct the impulse towards the cell body

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7
Q

cell body

A

metabolic center of the cell

metabolic reactions happen here
such as cellular respiration and protein synthesis

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8
Q

axon

A

away

conducts nerve impulses AWAY from the cell body

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9
Q

myelin sheath

A

made of lipids

wraps around the axon and cell body to insulate it

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10
Q

schwann cell

A

produces the myelin sheath

has tightly packed spirals of cell membrane that form layers of the myelin

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11
Q

nodes of ranvier

A

gaps in the myelin
axon is not insulated here
allows more rapid nerve conduction along axon

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12
Q

axon terminals or synaptic endings

A

end of the axon

vesicles containing neurotransmitters are located here

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13
Q

three types of neurons

A

sensory
motor
interneuron

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14
Q

sensory neuron

A

adifferent neuron

takes a message from a sense organ to the CNS has LONG dendrites and SHORT axon

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15
Q

motor neuron

A

edifferent neuron
takes message away from the CNS to a muscle fiber or gland
SHORT dendrites and LONG axon

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16
Q

interneuron

A

association neuron or connector neuron
completely contained within CNS
conveys “messages” between parts of the system
dendrites and axon can be long or short

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17
Q

parts of the brain stem

A

medulla oblongata
pons
midbrain

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18
Q

A neurotransmitter released in response to the parasympathetic nervous system

puts you in a relaxed state

A

Acetylcholine

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19
Q

the brain stem

A

medulla oblongata

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20
Q

The portion of the brain responsible for maintaining homeostasis within the body

A

hypothalamus

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21
Q

The dorsal root looks different than the ventral room due to the presence of an enlargement called the dorsal root _________

A

ganglion

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22
Q

the void running down the centre of the spinal cord

A

central canal

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23
Q

The dorsal root conducts nerve impulses _______ the spinal cord

A

towards

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24
Q

Shorter branches of a neuron which receive nerve impulses

A

dendrites

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25
the _________ period Occurs when sodium and potassium ions are being returned to the resting potential consentration
refractory
26
during resting potential, __________ is the most common ion inside the cell
potassium
27
synaptic _______ Contain the neurotransmitters within the axon ends
vesicles
28
during resting potential, _______ Is the most common ion outside of the cell
sodium
29
The ventral root conducts nerve impulses ________from the spinal cord
away
30
Another word for sensory neuron
afferent neuron
31
Nerves are a bundles of individual cells called ________
neurons
32
One component of the central nervous system
the brain
33
The coded portions of the axon are called ______ cells
SCHWANN
34
Another word for motor neuron
efferent
35
The voltage inside a neuron at resting point is approximately _______
-70 m/V
36
axon _______ are at the end of the axon
terminals
37
The three protective membrane surrounding the spinal cord?
meninges
38
The space between the axon ends of wonder if cell and the dendrites of a neighbouring cell
synapse
39
The portion of the nervous system which produces the “fight or flight” response
sympathetic
40
The nodes of _______ are breaks between myelinated sections of the axon
ranvier
41
Portion of the cerebrum responsible for thinking
frontal
42
A portion of the cerebrum responsible for vision
occipital
43
A chemical that is released to transmit a nerve response from one cell to the next
Neurotransmitter
44
portion portion of the nervous system which is involuntary (not under your conscious control)
AUTONOMIC
45
after an action potential, sodium and potassium are returned to the resting potential state by the process of _________ __________
refractory period
46
The central part of the neuron were most activities related to the maintenance of the cell occur
cell body
47
The stage of action potential were sodium ions begin to move into the cell
Repolarization
48
A neurotransmitter released by the sympathetic nervous system to induce fight or flight response
Noradrenaline
49
_______ neurons carry nerve impulses away from the central nervous system
MOTOR
50
A type of neuron only found in the central nervous system
Interneuron
51
The portion of the cerebrum responsible for understanding speech
temoral
52
A portion of the nervous system which puts you into a more relaxed state
Parasympathetic
53
The stage of action potential were potassium ions begin to move out of the cell
Repolarization
54
a name given to the nerve impulse to pass it along a neuron
Action potential
55
the ______ Nervous system contains all the nerves that affect the skeletal muscles and sensory organs
Somatic
56
The portion of the nervous system that is not the CNS
PNS
57
An involuntary response which bypasses the brain
reflex
58
A substance which coats the axon of nerve cells
meylin
59
The part of the brain responsible for conscious thought
Cerebrum
60
The master gland
Pituitary gland
61
____________ Transmission occurs because of the myelinated nature of the axon
saltatoty
62
The part of the brain responsible for balance
Cerebellum
63
Component of the central nervous system
spinal cord
64
The love of the cerebrum responsible for hearing and smelling
temoral
65
_____ matter In the spinal cord contains mostly cell bodies
GRAY
66
______ Matter in the spinal cord contains bundles of myelinated axons
WHITE
67
there are 31 pairs of ______ nerves
spinal
68
The sodium potassium pump requires the energy molecule ___
ATP

biology 12 (8 decks)

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