Bioenergetics and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 1

What is hydrolysis ? What does it provde ? What is the energy used for ?

Answer 1

Question 2

ATP is considerd what ? Why is it favoriable to break them

?

Answer 2

Question 3

What is Gibbs free energy formula, and what does each component mean ?

What is the mnemotic to remember ?

Answer 3

good honey taste sweet

Question 4

What does the charge of Delta G mean ? -,+, 0 ?

Answer 4

Question 5

What is the formula of delta G, What does the * mean ? What is the full formula ?

Answer 5

Question 6

What is the relationship between delta G and keq, what happens constant temp and pressure ? what is the value Delta when at equilibrium, what is the formula ?

Answer 6

Question 7

What happens to Keq when greater 1 less 1 and 1 what does it mean ?

Answer 7

Question 8

How does Delta G keep two consecutive reactions are additive ?

Answer 8

Question 9

In mitochodnrial electron tranport chain, which of the two NADH or FADH2 gives the most energy ?

Answer 9

Question 10

Where is the ETC located ? What is the purpose of oxygen ?

Answer 10

Question 11

Where is the mitocondrial membranes located ? What is noteworthy of the inner mitochondrial membrane ?

Answer 11

Question 12

Mitochondrial Matrix it has what kind of enzymes ? What does it synthesize ? What does the matrix contain ?

Answer 12

Question 13

What are you producing from metabolism ? What does TCA make ? What is extraction of energy ?

Answer 13

Question 14

What is NADH , where is it produced ? What role does it have in cytosolic NADH., what happens when oxidized ?

Answer 14

Question 15

What is the purpose of FADH2, what is produced by ?

What type of shuttle does it use, and what is it similarl to ?

how can they be reoxidized by ?

Answer 15

Question 16

What happens in the complex 1 ( NADH dehydrogenase , what does it have that allwos it to get electrons and hydrogen from NADH ? How many H and e, and what does it become ?

What is the fuction of Coenzyme Q (CoQ) role ?

Cytochromes contain ? How are electrons passed along the chain from CoQ to cytochromes bc1 (complex III)l,c,and a+a3(complex 4)

Answer 16

Question 17

Draw the entire process of ETC

Answer 17

Question 18

OXidative phosphorylation

What requires from to form ATP ? How is it regulated ?

Answer 18

Question 19

OXidative phosphorylation

What requires from to form ATP ? How is it regulated ?

Answer 19

Question 20

What are the components of complex 1 ? What is FMN ? How many electrons does it accept, How much does Fe-S electrons accept at a time ?

Wjhere are Fe-S centers located? and where does the electrons go ?

Answer 20

Question 21

What is Complex 2 ( succinate dehydrogenase ) also part of ? Do they span the membrane ? Do they have a proton-pumping mechanism.

Answer 21

Question 22

What is CoQ, is it protein bond ? What is it made out of ? How many electrons does it accept, what does it participate in ? Which complexes does it work ?

Answer 22

Question 23

What is complex 3, where are the two electrons removed from ? at which site ? Where are the two molecules of cytochrome c ?

What does the Fe-S creates ?

Answer 23

Question 24

ETC: Complex IV What is is called ? What does it have that name ? Where does it pass electrons ? What types of cytochrome does it contain, and why do they matter ? How many electrons per oxygen ?

Answer 24

note that H20 has two hydrogens so 2 electrons, so to produce 2 H20 need 4 hydrogen=4 electrons

Question 25

The transfer of electrons down the ETC is favoriable how ? Does the transfer of electron from NADH to oxygen make ATP?

Answer 25

Question 26

What is the role of proton pump? How is it coupled? What is created when hydrogen is in the intermembrane space ?

Answer 26

Question 27

How many hydrogens are released per 4 e? What abouut 1/2 oxygen ?

Answer 27

Question 28

What does ATP synthase ? How are Protons move from F0 and what is f1 What is For rOtation ?

Answer 28

Question 29

What is the F1, and Fo?

Answer 29

Question 30

Where dooes ADP + P bind to ? Where does ATP bind ? what happens ? What is it called?

Answer 30

Question 31

What is uncouplers ?

Answer 31

Question 32

What is the effect of uncoplers of protein gradient, ATP synthesis, Oxygen consumption, oxidation of NADH, and HEAT

Answer 32

Question 33

What is UCP1(UnCoPelers) What is it also called, where is it seen in humans ? what is it activated by ? What is the difference between brown fat vs white fat.

Answer 33

Question 34

What are UCP2 used ? What is UCP3 used for ? What about UCP4 used for ? What does differnt levels of UCP3( SM) contribute to ? What happens when there low levels of UCP ? What happens in hyperthyroidism.

Answer 34

Question 35

What synthetic uncouplers do ? What are the charge ?

Answer 35

Question 36

What is 2,4 dinitrophenol ? How does it work

Answer 36

synthetic uncouplers

Question 37

What happens to high doses of aspirin and other salicylates ?

Answer 37

synthetic uncouplers

Question 38

how does cyanide act as a ETC inhibition ? How does one complex messing up, lead to the all of them ? What inhibition of b-C1 complex do ?

Answer 38

Question 39

Know it !

Answer 39

Question 40

Know this!

Answer 40

Question 41

Why is cyanide bad? What does it bind ? What is its connection to hydroxocobalamin ?

Answer 41

Question 42

Where does carbon monocide bind to hinder ETC ? Where else ? What are symptoms ? Where are some sources of carbon monoxide ?

Answer 42

Question 43

What are some reactive oxygen species ? How is an enzyme that breaks H2O2? When is the a higher amoutn of ROS ? How are Ross produced ? How can there be an increase of ROS ?

Answer 43

Question 44

What are some causes of oxidative phosphrylation diseases ? How can it be caused by ?

Answer 44

Question 45

What is Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) When does it start, symtoms, and the mutation ?

Answer 45

Question 46

Kearns Sayre Syndrome

Answer 46

Question 47

What is MELAS, what is caused by , symtoms ?

Answer 47

Question 48

What is leign disease ? When does it start? What are clinical manifestations ?

Answer 48

Question 49

What is LHON diease ? What are the symtoms What type of mutation

Answer 49

Question 50

READ and make a question

Answer 50