BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION

Question 1

• It aims to reduce dependence on imported oil, mitigate emissions, and promote sustainable energy. The act establishes a National Biofuel Board and provides incentives for biofuel production and use, including tax exemptions and financial assistance.

• It also sets minimum blending requirements for gasoline and diesel, with bioethanol at 5% by 2009 and 10% within 4 years, and biodiesel at 1% within 1 year and 2% within 2 years.

Answer 1

Biofuels Act of 2006 (RA 9367)

Question 2

Uses of Ethanol

Answer 2

• alcoholic beverages
• fuel and fuel additive
• solvent
• preservative
• antiseptic and disenfectant
• cleaning and personal care products

Question 3

specific gravity of n-butanol at 60°F

Answer 3

0.814

Question 4

specific gravity of ethanol at 60°F

Answer 4

0.794

Question 5

specific gravity of gasoline at 60°F

Answer 5

0.720 - 0.775

Question 6

heating value of n-butanol

Answer 6

26.9 - 27.0 MJ/L

Question 7

heating value of ethanol

Answer 7

21.1 - 21.7

Question 8

heating value of gasoline

Answer 8

32.2 - 32.9

Question 9

RON of n-butanol

Answer 9

94

Question 10

RON of ethanol

Answer 10

106 - 130

Question 11

RON of gasoline

Answer 11

95

Question 12

MON of n-butanol

Answer 12

80 - 81

Question 13

MON of ethanol

Answer 13

89 - 103

Question 14

MON of gasoline

Answer 14

85

Question 15

RVP of n-butanol

Answer 15

6.4/6.4

Question 16

RVP of ethanol

Answer 16

31/20

Question 17

RVP of gasoline

Answer 17

<7.8/15 (summer/winter)

Question 18

oxygen content of n-butanol

Answer 18

21.6 wt%

Question 19

oxygen content of ethanol

Answer 19

34.7 wt%

Question 20

oxygen content of gasoline

Answer 20

<2.7

Question 21

water solubility of n-butanol at 25°C

Answer 21

9.1 %

Question 22

water solubility of ethanol at 25°C

Answer 22

100.0 %

Question 23

water solubility of gasoline at 25°C

Answer 23

<0.01 %

Question 24

_____, or ethyl alcohol, is found in alcoholic drinks, and as a solvent in industries

Answer 24

Ethanol

Question 25

Ethanol is produced through _____, and has antiseptic uses.

Answer 25

sugar fermentation or ethylene hydration

Question 26

feedstock for bioethanol (FIRST generation)

Answer 26

• cereals • starch • sugar • oil crops

Question 27

feedstock for bioethanol (SECOND generation)

Answer 27

• industrial waste • wood • grass • forest residue

Question 28

feedstock for bioethanol (THIRD generation)

Answer 28

• algae

Question 29

feedstock for bioethanol (FOURTH generation)

Answer 29

• genetically modified algae

Question 30

The processes involved in the production of bioethanol from different feedstocks include

Answer 30

• pretreatment • hydrolysis • fermentation • ethanol recovery

Question 31

feedstock for bioethanol (FIRST generation)

Answer 31

• cereals • starch • sugar • oil crops

Question 32

feedstock for bioethanol (SECOND generation)

Answer 32

• industrial waste • wood • grass • forest residue

Question 33

feedstock for bioethanol (THIRD generation)

Answer 33

• algae

Question 34

feedstock for bioethanol (FOURTH generation)

Answer 34

• genetically modified algae

Question 35

The processes involved in the production of bioethanol from different feedstocks include

Answer 35

• pretreatment • hydrolysis • fermentation • ethanol recovery

Question 36

_____ is one of the costliest steps in the production of bioethanol.

Answer 36

Pretreatment

Question 37

Different pretreatment methods

Answer 37

• Physical pretreatment • Chemical pretreatment • Biological pretreatment

Question 38

this involves the breaking down of the size of the lignocellulosic biomass and crystallinity by methods such as milling, grinding, irradiation and extrusion.

Answer 38

Physical pretreatment

Question 39

these include acid, alkali, oxidative delignification, and organic acid (organosolvation) methods.

Answer 39

Chemical pretreatment

Question 40

This involves the use of microorganisms to breakdown lignocellulosic biomass for further enzymatic hydrolysis.

Answer 40

Biological pretreatment

Question 41

_____ is basically a step of breaking down the cellulose hemicellulose through hydrolysis to make sugars such as glucose and xylose.

Answer 41

Saccharification

Question 42

_____ is a chemical reaction where a water molecule is used to break a bond in another molecule.

Answer 42

Hydrolysis

Question 43

Most commonly employed procedure is the _____ one because it has a better environmental and economic performance.

Answer 43

enzymatic

Question 44

This is a biological process that involves the conversion of the monomeric units of sugars obtained from the hydrolysis step into ethanol, acids and gases using microorganisms such as yeast, fungi or bacteria.

Answer 44

Fermentation

Question 45

The most commonly used microorganism is yeast especially _____ due to high yield of ethanol and high tolerance limits.

Answer 45

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Question 46

The fermentation of monomeric sugars is usually followed by ethanol recovery from the fermentation broth.

Answer 46

Bioethanol Recovery

Question 47

physical pretreatment methods

Answer 47

• milling • grinding • irradiation • extrusion

Question 48

RON

Answer 48

research octane number

Question 49

MON

Answer 49

motor octane number

Question 50

RVP

Answer 50

reid vapor pressure