BIOL-1115 Chapter 1

Question 1

Species

Answer 1

A population or group of population with individuals who can successfully interbred and produce viable and fertile offspring.

Question 2

Descent with modification

Answer 2

Species arise from ancestors that differed from them.

Question 3

Organ

Answer 3

A body part that is made up of multiple tissues and has specific functions in the body.

Question 4

Organisms

Answer 4

Individual living things.

Question 5

Population

Answer 5

Consists of all the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area.

Question 6

Community

Answer 6

The array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem.

Question 7

Ecosystem

Answer 7

Consists of all the living things in a particular area.

Along with all the non living components of the environment with which life interacts (soil, water, atmospheric gases, and light)

Question 8

Biosphere

Answer 8

Consists of all life on earth and all the places where life exists.

Question 9

Biology

Answer 9

The scientific study of life.

Question 10

Emergent properties

Answer 10

Properties which emerge due to the interaction between various components. Increases with complexity.

Question 11

Systems biology

Answer 11

An exploration of many combined interactions which create the emergent properties of a system.

Question 12

Reductionism

Answer 12

Reducing a complex system into smaller components which are individually easier to study.

Question 13

Tissue

Answer 13

Is a group of cells that work together, performing a specialized function.

Question 14

Cell

Answer 14

Is life’s fundamental unit of structure and function.

Question 15

Organelles

Answer 15

The various functional components present in cells (ex. Chloroplasts)

Question 16

Molecule

Answer 16

Chemical structure consisting of two or more units called atoms.

Question 17

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 17

Contains membrane-enclosed organelles. They can also either be unicellular or multicellular.

Question 18

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 18

Lacks a nucleus or other membrane enclosed organelles. (Also are generally smaller than eukaryotes) they are also all unicellular.

Question 19

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

Answer 19

A nucleic acid molecule, usually a double stranded helix. It is the molecule that carries genetic info for the development and functioning of an organism.

Question 20

Gene

Answer 20

A discrete unit of hereditary info consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA in some viruses)

Question 21

Gene expression

Answer 21

The entire process by which the info in a gene directs the production of a cellular product.

Question 22

Genome

Answer 22

The entire “library” of genetic instructions that an organism inherits.

Question 23

Genomics

Answer 23

When researchers study whole sets of genes in one or more species.

Question 24

Proteomics

Answer 24

Refers to the study of sets of proteins and their properties.

Question 25

Proteome

Answer 25

The entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell, tissue, or organisms.

Question 26

Bioinformatics

Answer 26

The use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze the huge volume of data that results from high through put methods.

Question 27

Bioinformatics

Answer 27

The use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze the huge volume of data that results from high through put methods.

Question 28

Photosynthesis

Answer 28

Molecules within the leaves convert the energy of sunlight to the chemical energy of food, such as sugars.

Question 29

Climate change

Answer 29

A directional change to the global climate that lasts for three decades or more.

Question 30

Bacteria

Answer 30

One of the 2 prokaryotic domains the other being archaea.

Question 31

Evolution

Answer 31

A process of biological change in which species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to different environments over time. (Diversity and unity)

Question 32

Symbiosis

Answer 32

The interactions between organisms. They can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral to the interacting organisms.

Question 33

Natural selection

Answer 33

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.

Question 34

Eukarya

Answer 34

The domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms. (Plant, fungi, and animalia)

Question 35

Archaea

Answer 35

One of the two prokaryotic domains, the other being bacteria.