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Anatomy And Physiology 2 > Biol 224 Exam 1 Wone > Flashcards

Biol 224 Exam 1 Wone Flashcards

(79 cards)

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0
Q

Parietal Pericardium

A

Double walled outer sac

Tough

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1
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

Filled with pericardial fluid

Lubricates the heart to reduce friction

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2
Q

Visceral Pericardium

A

= to epicardium

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3
Q

Epicardium

A

Outermost wall of the heart

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4
Q

Endocardium

A

Lines the heart chambers

Covers valve surfaces

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5
Q

Myocardium

A

Lies between the epicardium and endocardium

Performs the work of the heart

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9
Q

Blood flow in the heart

A

Vena cava -> R. Atrium -> Tri. Valve -> R. Ventricle -> pulmonary valve -> pulmonary trunk -> pulmonary artery -> lungs -> pulmonary veins-> L. Atrium -> Bi. Valve -> L. Ventricle -> aortic valve -> aorta -> body -> heart

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10
Q

What is the cause of angina?

A

Obstruction of coronary blood flow

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11
Q

Cause of MI

A

Sudden death of heart tissue from long-term obstruction of a coronary artery

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12
Q

Cause of congestive heart failure

A

Failure of either ventricle to eject blood properly

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13
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Located between right atrium and right ventricle

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14
Q

Bicuspid valve

A

Located between left atrium and left ventricle

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15
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Located between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

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16
Q

Aortic valve

A

Located between left ventricle and aorta

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17
Q

Pacemaker potential

A

The gradual depolarization of polarized tissue

Cause: slow inflow of Na without compensating outflow of K

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18
Q

Calcium-induced calcium release

A

Bringing calcium into a cell to release the calcium in the SR

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19
Q

Electrical excitation of the SA node

A

SA node -> atrial myocardium -> AV node -> AV bundle -> purkinje fibers -> ventricular myocardium

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20
Q

P-wave

A

Atrial depolarization

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21
Q

QRS-wave

A

Atrial repolarization

Ventricular depolarization

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22
Q

T-wave

A

Ventricular repolarization

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23
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Abnormal cardiac rhythm

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24
Q

Tachycardia

A

Heart beats too fast

> 100 BPM

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25
Q

Bradycardia

A

Heart beats too slow

<60 BPM

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26
Q

Ectopic Focci

A

Spontaneous firing somewhere other than the SA node

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27
"Lub" sound
Tri upside and bicuspid valve closing at the same time
28
"Dub" sound
Aortic and pulmonary valves closing
29
Ventricular filling
Ventricles expand and fill with blood | Atria polarize
30
Contraction
Ventricles depolarize Atria depolarize Contraction begins
31
Ventricular Ejection
Ejection of blood | Ventricles begin repolarization
32
Relaxation
Full ventricular repolarization | Relaxation of heart muscles
33
Cardiac Output (CO)
Amount of blood ejected by ventricle in one minute
34
Starlings law
The more heart muscle stretches, the stronger the contraction
35
Pre-load
Depends on amount of blood in the ventricles | Higher amount of blood = higher pre-load
36
After load
BP in aorta and pulmonary trunk immediately distal to semilunar valves (Basically amount of blood left in heart after contraction)
37
Stroke Volume ( SV)
Increased: increase preload or contractility Decreased: increased after load
38
Heart Rate
Increased: exercise, SNS Decreased: rest, PNS
39
Tunica Interna
Lines inside of blood vessels | Exposed to blood
40
Tunica Media
Middle layer of blood vessel Thickest layer usually Produces vasomotion
41
Tunics Externa
Outermost layer of blood vessel | Anchors the blood vessel
42
Conducting arteries
Biggest Aorta, common carotid, subclavian VASOMOTION
43
Resistance Arteries
Smallest | No names, too small and numerable
44
Metarterioles
Connect Arterioles to capillaries
45
Distributing arteries
Deliver blood to specific organs | Brachial, femoral, renal, and splenic
46
Postcapillary venues
Smallest veins | More porous than capillaries
47
Muscular venues
Receives blood from postcapillary venules
48
Medium veins
Most veins with individual names | Radial,ulnar, etc.
49
Venous sinuses
NO VASOMOTION | veins with especially thin walls
50
Continuous capillaries
Occur in most tissues | Tight junctions and intercellular clefts
51
Fenestrated capillaries
Occur in kidneys and small intestine In organs that require rapid absorption and filtration VASOMOTION
52
Sinusoids
VERY LEAKY liver, bone marrow Allow things to enter circulation (new RBC's)
53
Simple circulatory route
Heart to arteries to capillaries to veins to heart
54
Portal System
Blood flows through two cones consecutive capillary networks before returning to the heart
55
Cardiac shock
Cardiac abnormalities decrease ability of heart to pump blood
56
Hypovolemic shock
Diminished blood volume
57
Vascular shock
Decreased vascular tone / widespread vasodilation
58
Obstructed venous return shock
Obstructed blood flow
59
Septic shock
Bacterial toxins trigger vasodilation
60
Anaphylactic shock
Severe immune reaction
61
Hypertension
High resting BP
62
Hypotension
Low resting BP
63
Edema
Accumulation of excess fluid in tissue
64
Varicose veins
Pooling of blood in the legs from standing for long periods of time causes veins to become hyperextended.
65
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells | Pick up oxygen from lungs and co2 from the body
66
Platelets
Promotes clotting Stick together to begin clot Secrete vasoconstrictors to stop bleeding
67
Leukocytes
Protect us against disease
68
Neutrophils
Most abundant WBC | destroy bacteria
69
Eosinophils
Hard to find Weaken/destroy large parasites Ex: hookworm
70
Basophils
Rarest WBC | Secrete: histamine (vasodilator) and heparin (anticoagulant)
71
Lymphocyte
Second most abundant WBC
72
Monocyte
Largest | Premature macrophage
73
Hemopoiesis
Synthesis of blood cells
74
Leukopoiesis
Synthesis of leukocytes
75
Vascular spasm
Prompt contraction of a broken blood vessel
76
Platelet Plug Formation
Collagen fibers break platelets, causing them to rupture and stick together to for the beginnings of a clot Stays active until broken vessel is sealed
77
Blood clotting
Last and most effective against bleeding
78
Fibrinolysis
Dissolution of a clot
80
Deoxygenated blood vessels of the heart
Vena Cava | Pulmonary Artery
81
Oxygenated blood vessels of the heart
Aorta | Pulmonary Veins
82
What vessels supply the heart itself with blood
Anterior and posterior interventricular branches Circumflex branch Right marginal branch

Anatomy And Physiology 2 (8 decks)

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