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1. FINALS > Biol 5 (Laboratory) > Flashcards

Biol 5 (Laboratory) Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

The ___ is a systematic approach in pursuit of truth based on rationality and logic

A

Scientific method

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2
Q

An ____ is information taken from the real world and made by humans directly (using their five senses) or by using instruments

A

Observation

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3
Q

A ___ is useful if it explains a problem, suggest new idead and make predictions that can be tested.

A

Hypothesis

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4
Q

Two kinds of hypothesis

A

Descriptive and explanatory

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5
Q

An overall statement which provides a basis for predicting things not yet observed

A

Descriptive

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6
Q

A tentative explanation of, or even a guess at what caused the pattern under observation

A

Explanatory hypothesis

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7
Q

____ hypothesis may be formulated to design better experiments and explore more possibilities in testing the main hypothesis

A

Alternative hypothesis

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8
Q

All observation and information called ___ are properly recorded and analyzed

A

Data

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9
Q

___ are made up of various chemical components. The chemical compounds present can be divided into two principal classes: ___ and ___

A

Cells
Inorganic
Organic

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10
Q

____ are molecules, usually small that typically lack carbon and in which Ionic bond play an important role

A

Inorganic compounds

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11
Q

___ include water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and many salts, acids and bases

A

Organic compounds

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12
Q

•___compounds always contain carbon and hydrogen.
Large organic molecules includes ___, ___, ___, ___

A

Organic compounds
Lipids, carbohydrates, protein and nucleic acids

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13
Q

To test the presence of starch add 2 drops of ____

A

Iodine solution

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14
Q

Benedict test for the presence of sugars add ___

A

Benedict solution

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15
Q

To test Biuret test for the presence of proteins add ____

A

Sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate

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16
Q

To test for the presence of lipid add ___

A

Sudan III or IV

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17
Q

the equipment was based on the prototype invented by ___ whose first specimen was ___

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Pond water

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18
Q

Compound microscope is composed of three major parts ;

A

Optical
Illuminating
Mechanical

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19
Q

Compound light microscope considers three parameters;

A

Magnification
Resolution
Contrast

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20
Q

___ Power is the ability to distinguish two adjacent objects as distinct and separate

A

Resolution

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21
Q

The___ is the diameter of the viewing field measured at an intermediate plane of angle

A

Microscopy field of view

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22
Q

• The control knobs, used to focus the microscope on the specimen
•__ a smaller knob, used to sharpen the image
•__ used for focusing under low power magnification

A

Adjustment knobs
Fine adjustment knobs
Corse adjustment knobs

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23
Q

Used to move the stage mechanically there are two knobs; one for moving left and right and other for moving forward and backward

A

Stage control knobs

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24
Q

A hole in the microscope stage through which the transmitted light from the source reaches the stage

A

Aperture

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25
Known as the iris found under the stage of microscope control rhe the amount of light that reaches the specimen
Diaphragm
26
Used to collect and focus light from the illuminator into the specimen. Found under stage next to the diaphragm of the microscope
Condenser
27
A light source can be a mirror which reflects the light from an external source to the sample or electric bulbs of low voltage are used as a constant light source
Microscopic illuminator
28
Magnification extends are ability to observe details 1000 times, so that we can see objects as small as ___in diameter
0.1 micrometer
29
Set of related hypothesis supported by many observation and experiment
Theory
30
Theory had been tested repeatedly and not proven false
Law
31
An ___ is a controlled method of testing a hypothesis
Experiment
32
___ are designed to provide an opportunity to make observation that will help us test a hypothesis
Experiment
33
Experiments are best understood in term of three types of variables
1. Independent variable 2. Dependent variable 3. Controlled variable
34
Most experiment are repeated multiple times with slight variations these repetition are often called __
Trials
35
A variable that is purposely altered between trials is called an ___
Independent variable
36
Usually, it Is best practice to have a ___ in an experiment
Single independent variable
37
It may be helpful to think of the independent variable as the ___ of the experiment
Input
38
If the independent variable is the input of an experiment then the dependent variable is the___
Output
39
____ change in response to the independent variable, it is the variable being measured
Dependent variable
40
____ are kept constant so that their fluctuations do not alter the dependent variable and cloud its relationship with the independent variable
Controlled variable
41
A ____ happens when molecules move from one physical state of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) to another physical state. There no change in atomic structure and a new substance is not created
Physical change
42
A ___ happens when the atomic structure of a substance changes, are considered irreversible and a new substance is formed
Chemical change
43
There are several signs of a chemical change includes:
Formation of gas Change in colour Change in PH Change in temperature Formation of new solid or liquid Appearance of light Production of electricity
44
Benedict test for the presence of simple sugars is ___
Carbohydrates
45
Starch- Iodine test Positive result shows the existence of starch when a ___ tint appears
Blue-black or purple
46
Starch- Iodine test Negative result ;
No color change (brown/yellow)
47
Starch- Iodine test Basis of positive result;
Long chain of polysaccharide traps the iodine
48
STARCH -Iodin test Basis of negative result;
Brown color remains monosaccharides unable to trap iodine
49
SUGARS- BENEDICT TESTA Positive result;
Green to dark red/ rusty brown
50
SUGARS. -BENEDICT TEST Negative result;
No color change (blue)
51
___ is a simple carbohydrates with a free aldehyde or ketone group and acts as a reducing agent
Reducing sugar
52
Simple carbohydrates
Benedicts solution
53
SUGAR TEST Simplest unit of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
54
SUGAR TEST Made by linking monosaccharides
Disaccharides
55
SUGAR TEST complex carbohydrates
Iodine solution
56
SUGAR TEST Starch cellulose, glycogen
Polysaccharide
57
PROTEIN- BIURET TEST Biuret reagent ;10% ___, 0.5% ____
Sodium hydroxide Copper sulfate
58
PROTEINS - BIURET TEST positive result ; • shows the existence of peptides when the color of the solution changes to ___
Purple Pink
59
PROTEINS - BIURET TEST Negative result; -Lack of protein
No color change (blue)
60
Determines the presence of lipids , A fat soluble dye that stains lipids red
Sudan III or IV
61
LIPIDS- SUDAN III OR IV positive result;
Has 2 layer Top layer is (red/orange)
62
LIPIDS- SUDAN III OR IV Negative result;
Clear solution or 1 layer is red/ orange
63
Number of times an object is enlarged or reduced
Magnification
64
Combination of magnification of objectives and the eyepiece
Total magnification
65
How many times is an image enlarged? Scanner = LPO = HPO = Eyepiece =
4x 10x 40x 10x
66
Combination of eyepiece and an objective Eyepiece and scanner= Eyepiece and LPO = Eyepiece and HPO =
40x 100x 400x
67
PARTS OF A MICROSCOPE AND ITS FUNCTION Mechanical
Diopter adjustment Body tube Arm Stage Revolving nose piece Coarse adjustment knob Fine adjustment knobs
68
PARTS OF A MICROSCOPE AND ITS FUNCTION Optical
Ocular lense Objectives (Scanner, Low power, high power, Oil immersion objectives)
69
PARTS OF A MICROSCOPE AND ITS FUNCTION Illuminating
Light source Condenser Iris diaphragm
70
"pro" means - Has a rigid cell wall No membrane bound organelles
Before Prokaryotic cells
71
"eu" mean - Has a membrane bound organelles
True Eukaryotic cells
72
KEY DIFFERENCE PLANT VS ANIMAL Animals cells have a ___ and ___ whereas plant cells do not
Centrosome Lysosomes
73
The lysosomes are the animal garbage disposal while in plant cells the same function takes place in __
Vacuoles
74
The ____ plays a key role in regulating a plant cells concentration of water in changing environment conditions
Central vacuole
75
___is made up of scally leaves which store starch granules in their cytoplasm of the cells
Onion bulb
76
CELL ACTIVITY ___ binds to starch in the granules and develops blue-to black color
Iodine
77
CELL ACTIVITY Onion stores reserve food material in the form of ___
Starch
78
CELL ACTIVITY ___ stains negatively charged molecules in the cell
Methylene blue
79
CELL ACTIVITY The small blue dots are ___ from our teeth and mouth
Bacteria
80
Directed flow of cytosol and organelles around the plant cells, help in the Transport of organelles, nutrients, genetic information, metabolites and other materials
Cytoplasmic streaming
81
UNIT CONVERSION 1mm =
1000 um
82
Intelligent education guess to a certain problem
Hypothesis
83
Overall statement which provides basis for prediction
Descriptive hypothesis
84
Statement tend to guess what caused the pattern
Explanatory hypothesis
85
Example of compound microscope
Darkfield Phase contrast Electron Dissecting

1. FINALS (18 decks)

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