Biological Approach

Question 1

What are genes?

Answer 1

DNA stand inherited from parents that determines our characteristics.

Question 2

What are traits?

Answer 2

Characteristics that make up personality.

Question 3

What are the features of traits?

Answer 3

Stable - consistent over time

Consistent - do not change with situations

Enduring - do not change as we age

Question 4

What are traits of introverts?

Answer 4

Withdrawn, shy, quiet

Question 5

What are traits of an extrovert?

Answer 5

Outgoing, sociable, loud

Question 6

Who studied introversion and extroversion in relation to nervous system?

Answer 6

Eysenck

Question 7

What nervous system do introverts inherit?

Answer 7

Overactive, so avoid overstimulation

Question 8

What nervous system do extroverts inherit?

Answer 8

Underactive, so seek constant excitement

Question 9

What are genes?

Answer 9

DNA strands inherited from parents that determines our characteristics.

Question 10

What is the SRY gene?

Answer 10

Gene that determines biological sex

Question 11

How does the SRY work?

Answer 11

Switches on causing the XY embryo to develop testes that then produce testosterone causing male development

Question 12

What happens if the SRY gene does not switch on?

Answer 12

Embryo develops as a female

Question 13

What gene determines biological sex?

Answer 13

SRY gene

Question 14

What are genotypes?

Answer 14

Individuals genetic makeup inherited from parents

Question 16

What are phenotypes?

Answer 16

Individuals physical characteristics
Result of genotype and environment

Question 17

What is the nervous system?

Answer 17

Complex network of cells sending electrical and chemical messages

Question 18

What are the functions of the nervous system?

Answer 18

• Process and respond to information
• Coordinate the working of organs and cells

Question 19

What is the central nervous system made up of?

Answer 19

• Brain
• Spinal cord

Question 20

What is the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 20

Collecting of nerves that sends and receives signals

Question 21

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

Answer 21

controls automatic subconscious functions like breathing and heart rate

Question 22

What are the division of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 22

• sympathetic division
• parasympathetic division

Question 23

What is the sympathetic division of the ANS responsible for?

Answer 23

Prepares the body for fight of flight

Question 24

What is the parasympathetic division of the ANS responsible for?

Answer 24

Calms the body, helps rest and digestion

Question 25

What are the divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 25

Nervous system CNS ANS - Brain - Sympathetic - Spinal cord - Parasympathetic

Question 26

What is neuroanatomy?

Answer 26

The structure of the brain and nervous system

Question 27

What are the hemispheres of the brain?

Answer 27

- Left hemisphere - Right hemisphere

Question 28

What is localisation?

Answer 28

Different parts of the brain have specific functions

Question 29

What are the different areas in the brain?

Answer 29

Motor area - movement Somatosensory - sensory information Visual - visual information

Question 30

What is the function of the motor area?

Answer 30

Area that controls voluntary movement of opposite side of the body LH controls the right side, RH controls the left

Question 31

What happens if the motor area is damaged?

Answer 31

Damage to this area causes loss of control over fine motor skills.

Question 32

What is the function of the somatosensory area?

Answer 32

Processes sensory information (heat, touch) from the skin on the opposite side of the body.

Question 33

What happens if the somatosensory area is damaged?

Answer 33

damage to this area causes numbness or tingling.

Question 34

What is the function of the visual area?

Answer 34

Area that processes visual information from the eyes located in optical lobe.

Question 35

What happens if one visual area is damaged?

Answer 35

Can cause blindness in both eyes.

Question 36

What is lateralisation?

Answer 36

When certain functions occur only in one hemisphere of the brain.

Question 37

What is brain plasticity?

Answer 37

The brain's ability to change and adapt throughout life.

Question 38

What are two examples of brain plasticity?

Answer 38

- Synaptic pruning - Functional recovery

Question 39

What is functional recovery?

Answer 39

The process where undamaged areas of the brain take over the functions of damaged areas.

Question 40

What is synaptic pruning?

Answer 40

Weak or extra connections are eliminated to make room for more efficient connections.

Question 41

What is neurochemistry?

Answer 41

Chemical substances in the nervous system and how they effect brain function.

Question 42

What are hormones?

Answer 42

Chemical messengers produced by glands.

Question 43

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 43

A network of glands that produce and release hormones.

Question 44

What hormones are involved in stress response?

Answer 44

- Adrenaline (short term stress) - Cortisol (long term stress)

Question 45

What is adrenaline?

Answer 45

A hormone released from the adrenal glands that helps you act in sudden stressful situations. Fight or Flight

Question 46

What is cortisol?

Answer 46

A hormone that regulates long-term stress; high levels can damage the immune system.

Question 47

What is serotonin?

Answer 47

A neurotransmitter that regulates mood, sleep, and digestion.

Question 48

What are neurotransmitters?

Answer 48

Chemical substances that allow communication between neurons across synapses.

Question 49

What is evolution?

Answer 49

Natural change to a species over time.

Question 50

What is natural selection?

Answer 50

Characteristics that were best suited to the environment and helped them survive were passed on to the next generation.

Question 51

What is sexual selection?

Answer 51

Traits that make individuals more attractive to mates remain to increase chances of reproduction, even if they don’t aid survival. Example: Male peacocks tail

Question 51

What is the environment of evolutionary adaptation (EEA)?

Answer 51

The set of environmental conditions in which early humans evolved. 10,000 years ago for humans.

Question 52

What is genome lag?

Answer 52

When the environment changes faster than the brain and human genes.

Question 53

What is the fight, flight, or freeze response?

Answer 53

The body's automatic response to stress

Question 54

Why does fight or flight still remain?

Answer 54

Genome lag, our minds are still adapted to EEA where it was needed for survival

Question 55

Why is our body's stress response not suited for modern life?

Answer 55

the fight or flight response was useful for short term stressors (predators), but our body has not evolved to deal with long-term stressors (jobs) that are more common in modern day life.