Learning Approach Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is classical conditioning?
Learning through association
Who studied classical conditioning?
Pavlov with dogs
How does classical conditioning work?
UCS (food) → UCR (salivation)
UCS (food) + NS (belI) → UCR (salivation)
CS (bell) → CR (salivation)
What is a neutral stimulus?
A stimulus that initially doesn’t trigger any response
> The bell before conditioning
What is an unconditioned stimulus?
A stimulus that naturally triggers a response
> Food caused salivation
What is an unconditioned response?
A natural response to the unconditioned stimulus.
Example: Salivating in response to food.
What is operant conditioning?
Learning through consequences.
What are consequences?
Rewards or punishments that affect the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated.
What is reinforcement?
Increases a behaviour being repeated
What are the types of reinforcement?
- Positive reinforcement
- Negative reinforcement
What is positive reinforcement?
When a behaviour is followed by a pleasant reward, reinforcing the behaviour making it more likely to be repeated
What is negative reinforcement?
Behaviour that removes a negative consequence,
Example: Taking a paracetamol to take away a headache
What is punishment?
Reduces the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated.
What is positive punishment?
Behaviour is followed by an unpleasant consequence making it less likely to be repeated
What are extrinsic rewards?
Rewards that come from the environment, usually from other people
Example: high grade, money
What are intrinsic rewards?
Rewards that come from within self
Example: enjoyment, interest, feeling proud
What is social learning theory?
Learning through observation, modelling, imitation, and vicarious reinforcement
Who studies social learning theory?
Bandura bobo doll experiment
What is observation in SLT?
Watching a model perform a behaviour.
What is modelling in SLT?
Model demonstrating a behaviour.
What is imitation in SLT?
Observer copying the model’s behaviour.
What is vicarious reinforcement in SLT?
Observer is more likely to imitate if they see the model be rewarded for their behaviour.
What factors makes imitation more likely?
- similarity: age or gender
- value: social status or fame
