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AP Psychology > Biological bases of behavior > Flashcards

Biological bases of behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

The amygdala

A

Influences aggression and fear

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2
Q

The Corpus Callosum

A

Carries messages between the two hemispheres.

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3
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve cell

Building block of nervous system

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4
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Carry info from sensory receptors to the brain and spinal chord

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5
Q

Motor neurons

A

Carry outgoing info from the brain and spinal chord to the muscles and glands

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6
Q

Interneurons

A

Communicate within the brain and spinal chord

Intervene between sensory inputs and motor outputs

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7
Q

Dendrite

A

Receive messages

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8
Q

Axon

A

Extension of a neuron

Messages pass to neurons

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9
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Fatty tissue encasing many neurons

Enhances transmission

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10
Q

Action potential

A

Neural impulse

Brief electrical charge travels down axon

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11
Q

Threshold

A

Level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

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12
Q

Synapse

A

Junction Between neurons

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13
Q

Reputake

A

Neurotransmitters reabsorption by the sending neuron

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14
Q

Endorphins

A

Natural opiate like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure

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15
Q

Nervous system

A

Bodys speedy electrochemical communication network,
Nerve cells
Peripheral and central nervous systems

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16
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal chord

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17
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Sensory and motor neurons

Connect CNS to the body

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18
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Division of PNS
Controls skeletal muscles
Skeletal nervous system

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19
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A 
Part of PNS
Controls glands and muscles of internal organs
Ex heart
-------
Parasympathetic = calms
Sympathetic = arouses
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20
Q

Reflex

A

Automatic response to sensory stimulus

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21
Q

Endocrine system

A

Bodys slow chemical communication system

Set of glands that secrete hormones into bloodstream

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22
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers

Affect tissues

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23
Q

Adrenal glands

A

A pair of endocrine glands
Sit above the kidneys
Help arouse body in times of stress

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24
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Endocrine system most influential gland
Under influence of hypothalamus
Regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

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25
Lesion
Tissue destruction
26
Electroencephalogram | EEG
Amplified recording of waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brains surface
27
Computed tomography scan | CT
Series of X-ray photos taken from diff angles and combined to represent slice of body Also called CAT scan
28
Positron emission tomography scan | (PET) scan
Visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a task
29
Magnetic resonance imaging | MRI
Uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer generated images of soft tissue Brain anatomy
30
Functional MRI | fMRI
Reveals blood-flow therefore brain activity | Show brain function
31
Brain stem
Oldest and central core part of brain | Automatic survival functions
32
Medulla
Base of brain stem Heartbeat Breathing
33
Reticular formation
Nerve network in brain stem Controls arousal Sleep
34
Thalamus
Sensory switchboard Located on top of the brain stem Directs messages to sensory receiving areas
35
Cerebellum
``` Little brain Rear of brain stem Process sensory input Coordinate movement Balance ```
36
Limbic system
(Hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus) Emotions and drives
37
Amygdala
Emotion Fear Two Lima bean shaped neural clusters
38
Hypothalamus
``` Below thalamus Maintenance activities Eating drinking body temp Emotion and reward Helps govern pituitary gland ```
39
Cerebral cortex
Covers cerebral hemispheres | Control center
40
Glial cells
Protect neurons
41
Frontal lobes
Behind forehead Speaking Muscle movements Planning and judgements
42
Parietal lobes
Cerebral cortex lying at top of head toward the rear Touch and body position Sensory input
43
Occipital lobes
Portion of cerebral cortex lying at back of head | Visual fields
44
Temporal lobes
Lying above ears | Includes auditory areas
45
Motor cortex
Area at the rear of the frontal lobes | - controls voluntary movements
46
Sensory cortex
Area at the front of the parietal lobe | Registers and processes body touch and movement sensations
47
Association areas
Areas of cerebral cortex not involved in primary motor or sensory functions They are involved in higher mental functioning - learning - remembering - thinking - speaking
48
Aphasia
Language impairment Caused by damage to broca's area ( impaired speaking) or wernicke's area (impaired understanding) Left hemisphere damage
49
Broca's area
Controls language expression Usually left frontal lobe Directs muscles to speak
50
Wernicke's area
Controls language reception Comprehension Expression Left temporal lobe
51
Plasticity
Brains ability to change Reorganize after damage Build new pathways based on experience
52
Neurogenesis
Formation of new neurons
53
Corpus callosum
Large band of neural fibers connecting two brain hemispheres & carries messages between them
54
Split brain
Condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain's two hemispheres by cutting the fibers connecting them Cut corpus callosum
55
Consciousness
Our awareness of ourselves and our environment
56
Cognitive neuroscience
Interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (perception, thinking, memory, language)
57
Dual processing
Principal that info is simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks
58
Behavior genetics
Study of relative power and Limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior
59
Environment
Non genetic influences
60
Chromosomes
Threadlike structures DNA molecules Contain genes
61
DNA (deoxyribonucleicacid)
Complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes
62
Genes
The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes Segments of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein
63
Genome
Complete instructions for making an organism | All genetic material in their chromosomes
64
Identical twins
One single fertilized egg splits | Genetically identical organisms
65
Fraternal twins
Separate eggs develop
66
Heritability
Proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes Varies
67
Interaction
Interplay that occurs when effect of one factor depends on another factor
68
Molecular genetics
The subfield of biology that studies the molecular structures and function of genes.
69
Evolutionary psychology
Study of the evolution of behavior and the mind | Natural selection
70
Natural selection
Principal that among the range of inherited trait variations those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.
71
Mutation
A random error in gene replication that leads to a change

AP Psychology (9 decks)

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