Cognition

Question 1

Concept

Answer 1

A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
important when IDing objects
W/out concepts we would need a unique name for everything

Question 2

Prototype

Answer 2

A mental image or the best example of something

quick easy method of sorting

Question 3

Algorithm

Answer 3

A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem
searching for sauce throughout the entire store

Question 4

Heuristic processing

Answer 4

A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently
fast but can be unreliable & not a guarantee

Question 5

Insight

Answer 5

A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem

• not strategy based*
• epiphany

Question 6

Creativity

Answer 6

Ability to produce novel ideas

Question 7

Confirmation bias

Answer 7

Our tendency to search for information that supports what we already think about something instead of listening to contradictory information

Question 8

Fixation

Answer 8

Inability to see a problem from different perspectives

stuck in one mental set

Question 9

Functional fixedness

Answer 9

Only thinking of something in the terms of its original function
can impede problem solving

Question 10

Representativeness heuristic

Answer 10

Judging somethings likelihood by its similarities to the prototype

• making judgements about people
• if he’s tall an athletic player he must play basketball*

Question 11

Availability heuristic

Answer 11

Estimating the likelihood of events based on availability in memory
if something is common we assume that thing is occurring

Question 12

Overconfidence

Answer 12

Overestimating the accuracy of our beliefs

Question 13

Belief perseverance

Answer 13

Clinging to ones initial conceptions after they have been discredited.
often controversial topics

Question 14

Intuition

Answer 14

Effortless and automatic feeling contrasted with explicit reasoning
gut feeling; mothers intuition

Question 15

Framing

Answer 15

The way an issue is posed
this can highly influence decisions and judgements
(How it’s phrased)

Question 16

Language

Answer 16

Spoken, written, signed words and how we combine them to communicate

Question 17

Phoneme

Answer 17

Smallest unit of distinctive sound

Question 18

Morpheme

Answer 18

Smallest unit of language that carries a meaning
(Prefix)
*a word or part of a word

Question 19

Grammar

Answer 19

Rules in language that help us understand each other

Question 20

Semantics

Answer 20

Rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes; study of meaning

Question 21

Syntax

Answer 21

Rules for combining words into sensible sentences

Question 22

Babbling stage

Answer 22

Beg. At age 4 months
Infant begins to mutter sounds
Not words, no coherence

Question 23

One-word stage

Answer 23

Yr. 1-2

Child speaks mostly in single words

Question 24

Two-word stage

Answer 24

Yr. 2

Child speaks in statements

Question 25

Telegraphic speech

Answer 25

When a child speaks like a telegram
“Go car”
Using mostly nouns and verbs

Question 26

Linguistic determinism

Answer 26

Whorf’s theory that language determines the way we think

Question 27

Cognition

Answer 27

Mental activities like thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating
who we are depends on our ability to remember