Biological Molcules - Fats

Question 1

What are lipids made of?

Answer 1

Triglycerides

Question 2

What type of molecule is a triglyceride?

Answer 2

A long polymer held together by many bonds

Question 3

What is a key property of lipids and why?

Answer 3

Insoluble - doesn’t cause the cell to swell by osmosis

Question 4

How are triglycerides found in the body?

Answer 4

They form insoluble droplets in cells with hydrophobic tails on outside - micelles

Question 5

What is a triglyceride made up of?

Answer 5

• 1x glycerol

- 3x fatty acid tails

Question 6

What bonds hold triglycerides together?

Answer 6

Ester bond

Question 7

Draw a triglyceride

Answer 7

See notes

Question 8

Are the fatty acid tails hydrophobic/hydrophilic?

Answer 8

Hydrophobic

Question 9

Are the glycerol molecules hydrophobic/hydrophilic?

Answer 9

Hydrophilic

Question 10

Where are saturated lipids found?

Answer 10

Animal fats

Question 11

Where are unsaturated lipids found?

Answer 11

Plant fats

Question 12

What does saturated lipids mean?

Answer 12

No carbon-carbon double bond between carbon atoms

Question 13

What does unsaturated lipids mean?

Answer 13

Carbon-carbon double bond between carbon atoms

Question 14

What do the chains of unsaturated lipids contain?

Answer 14

Kinks

Question 15

Do unsaturated/saturated lipids have a higher melting point?

Answer 15

Saturated

Question 16

Define “cholesterol”

Answer 16

Type of lipid needed in small amounts for normal body functions

Question 17

What is cholesterol needed for?

Answer 17

Maintaining cell membranes

Question 18

How is cholesterol transported in the blood?

Answer 18

Attaches to proteins to form lipoproteins

Question 19

What are the two types of lipoprotein?

Answer 19

• LDL : low density lipoprotein

- HDL: high density lipoprotein

Question 20

What are HDLs mainly made of?

Answer 20

Protein

Question 21

What do HDLs do? 4

Answer 21

• Lower blood cholesterol
• Carry cholesterol from blood to liver where it is destroyed
• Reduce fat deposits
• Reduce formation of atheroma

Question 22

What are LDLs mainly made of?

Answer 22

Lipids

Question 23

What do LDLs do? 5

Answer 23

• Increase blood cholesterol
• Carry cholesterol from liver to the blood
• Increase fat deposits
• Increase formation of atheroma

Question 24

What is the best ratio of HDL:LDL to minimise CVD risk?

Answer 24

High HDL:LDL ratio

Question 25

Why does increased LDL/blood cholesterol mean increased CVD risk?

Answer 25

• Increased atheroma
• Increased blood pressure
• Increased blood clotting