Flashcards in Biological Molcules - Fats Deck (25)
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1
What are lipids made of?
Triglycerides
2
What type of molecule is a triglyceride?
A long polymer held together by many bonds
3
What is a key property of lipids and why?
Insoluble - doesn't cause the cell to swell by osmosis
4
How are triglycerides found in the body?
They form insoluble droplets in cells with hydrophobic tails on outside - micelles
5
What is a triglyceride made up of?
- 1x glycerol
- 3x fatty acid tails
6
What bonds hold triglycerides together?
Ester bond
7
Draw a triglyceride
See notes
8
Are the fatty acid tails hydrophobic/hydrophilic?
Hydrophobic
9
Are the glycerol molecules hydrophobic/hydrophilic?
Hydrophilic
10
Where are saturated lipids found?
Animal fats
11
Where are unsaturated lipids found?
Plant fats
12
What does saturated lipids mean?
No carbon-carbon double bond between carbon atoms
13
What does unsaturated lipids mean?
Carbon-carbon double bond between carbon atoms
14
What do the chains of unsaturated lipids contain?
Kinks
15
Do unsaturated/saturated lipids have a higher melting point?
Saturated
16
Define "cholesterol"
Type of lipid needed in small amounts for normal body functions
17
What is cholesterol needed for?
Maintaining cell membranes
18
How is cholesterol transported in the blood?
Attaches to proteins to form lipoproteins
19
What are the two types of lipoprotein?
- LDL : low density lipoprotein
- HDL: high density lipoprotein
20
What are HDLs mainly made of?
Protein
21
What do HDLs do? 4
- Lower blood cholesterol
- Carry cholesterol from blood to liver where it is destroyed
- Reduce fat deposits
- Reduce formation of atheroma
22
What are LDLs mainly made of?
Lipids
23
What do LDLs do? 5
- Increase blood cholesterol
- Carry cholesterol from liver to the blood
- Increase fat deposits
- Increase formation of atheroma
24
What is the best ratio of HDL:LDL to minimise CVD risk?
High HDL:LDL ratio
25
