biological molecules

Question 1

Organic molecules must have

Answer 1

Hydrogen and carbon

Question 2

Organic molecules might but don’t have to have

Answer 2

Oxygen, Nitrogen, phosphorous, and Sufler

Question 3

Organic molecules must have one covalent bond between

Answer 3

Carbon and hydrogen or carbon and carbon

Question 4

Outside of life, organic molecules might arise from

Answer 4

abiotic synthesis

Question 5

The biomass of a cell is composed of

Answer 5

The 3 types of macromolecules + lipids

Question 6

What are the three types of macromolecules

Answer 6

carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, lipids

Question 7

Polymers

Answer 7

Biological macromolecules

Question 8

Small organic molecules are linked…

Answer 8

Covalently

Question 9

Are lipids soluble in water?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

Lipids can spontaneously aggregate through

Answer 10

hydrophobic interactions

Question 11

What type of bonds link polysaccharides

Answer 11

glycosidic bonds

Question 12

What is the composition of carbohydrates?

Answer 12

[CH2O]n

Question 13

Linking nucleotides is called

Answer 13

Phosphodiester linkage

Question 14

What bases pair with each other in DNA

Answer 14

Adenine and Uracil, Guanine and Cytosine

Question 15

What are the purines

Answer 15

Adenine and Guanine

Question 16

What are the Pyrimidines

Answer 16

Cytosine, Uracil, Thymine

Question 17

What are polypeptides also referred to as

Answer 17

proteins

Question 18

What bonds are present in polypeptides

Answer 18

peptide bonds

Question 19

Peptide bonds form between this type of group

Answer 19

Carboxyl group

Question 20

What is the structure of a peptide bond

Answer 20

Carboxyl group bonded with amino group of next amino acid

Question 21

What is the structure of a Carboxyl group?

Answer 21

Carbon with two oxygen atoms bonded

Question 22

What is the structure of an amino group?

Answer 22

nitrogen with 2 hydrogen atoms bonded

Question 23

What are polysacharides used for?

Answer 23

Energy storage

Question 24

What are proteins used for

Answer 24

Enzymic activities, Signaling, Dynamic structural components

Question 25

What are Nucleic acids used for?

Answer 25

genetic information storage and retrieval

Question 26

What are lipids used for?

Answer 26

To define cells' boundaries, compartmentalize cells (in eukaryotes), energy storage, and signaling (steroid and other lipid hormones.

Question 27

What molecules are present in lipids?

Answer 27

Carbon, Hydrogen

Question 28

What molecules are present in carbohydrates?

Answer 28

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 29

What molecules are present in amino acids?

Answer 29

Carbon, Hydrogen. Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur

Question 30

What molecules are present in Nucleic acids?

Answer 30

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphurous

Question 31

What is the primary amino acid structure

Answer 31

Amino acid sequence

Question 32

What is the secondary amino acid sequence?

Answer 32

regular sub-structures

Question 33

What is the tertiary structure of protein?

Answer 33

three-dimensional structure

Question 34

What is the quaternary structure of protein

Answer 34

a complex of protein molecules

Question 35

What are the two components of secondary structure?

Answer 35

Alpha helix and beta sheet

Question 36

What are single subunits of macromolecules called?

Answer 36

Monomers

Question 37

What is the reaction when monomers release water and form covalent bonds?

Answer 37

dehydration synthesis

Question 38

What is the reaction in which polymers are broken into monomers?

Answer 38

hydrolysis reaction

Question 39

What is the chemical formula for glucose?

Answer 39

C6H12O6

Question 40

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 40

Forms when two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis reaction (glycosidic bond)

Question 41

What is a long chain of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds?

Answer 41

polysaccharide

Question 42

What is glycogen?

Answer 42

the storage form of glucose in humans and other vertebrates and is made up of monomers of glucose.

Question 43

What is Cellulose?

Answer 43

The cell wall of plants is mostly made of cellulose; this provides structural support to the cell.

Question 44

What are the two components of fat molecules?

Answer 44

Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 45

Fats are also called

Answer 45

Triglycerides

Question 46

What is unsaturated fat?

Answer 46

When the hydrocarbon chain contains a double bond

Question 47

What state are unsaturated fats in at room temperature?

Answer 47

liquid

Question 48

What is trans fat?

Answer 48

When the hydrogen atoms are on two different planes

Question 49

What is cis fat?

Answer 49

When the hydrogen atoms are on the same plane.

Question 50

What is an enzyme

Answer 50

Catalyst in biochemical reactions

Question 51

Enzymes that break down their substrate

Answer 51

catabolic enzymes

Question 52

Enzymes that build more complex molecules from substances

Answer 52

anabolic enzymes

Question 53

Hormones

Answer 53

chemical signaling molecules

Question 54

Chemical structure of amino group

Answer 54

NH2

Question 55

Chemical strutcure of carboxyl group

Answer 55

COOH

Question 56

What are the 3 components of a nucleotide?

Answer 56

A nitrogenous base, a pentose (five-carbon) sugar, and a phosphate group

Question 57

What are the four types of RNA?

Answer 57

messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, and microRNA