Metabolism Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the equation for the breakdown of glucose?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 yields 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
What is the equation for the synthesis of glucose?
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy yields C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is an anabolic pathway?
It requires an input of energy to synthesize complex molecules
How many ATP molecules can be produced from the energy in glucose?
36-38 molecules
What is a catabolic pathway?
These reactions break down molecules to produce energy.
What is free energy?
The capacity to do work
What is an exergonic reaction?
Reactions where free energy is released
What is an endergonic reaction?
A reaction where products have more free energy than their reactants
What is activation energy?
The input necessary for a chemical reaction to occur.
What is a transition state?
The state when the chemical reaction is triggered before products are created
Which can occur spontaneously?
Exergonic
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
The total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease. Relates to entropy: all hot things cool
What is the structure of ATP?
A nucleoside consisting of a nitrogenous base, adenine, and five-carbon sugar.
What is the equation for hydrolysis of ATP into ADP
ATP + H2O yields ADP + Pi + free energy
What are the chemical reactants to which an enzyme binds?
substrates
What is the location within the enzyme where the substrate binds
active site
What is the location within the enzyme where the substrate binds?
The active site
What happens when enzymes are exposed to high temperatures?
they denture, a process that can change the natural properties of a substance.
What is competitive inhibition?
When an inhibitor molecules similar to a substrate blocks substrates through binding to the active site
What is allosteric inhibition
When an inhibitor binds to an enzyme, allowing substrates to bind.
What are cofactors and coenzymes?
The help enzymes bind to the active site
What is feedback inhibition?
the use of reaction products to regulate its function
