Structure and function of plasma membrane

Question 1

What is the structure of a phospholipid?

Answer 1

Hydrophilic head (phosphate, glycerol), Hydrophobic tail

Question 2

What are integral proteins

Answer 2

proteins that are completely integrated into the membrane structure

Question 3

What are peripheral proteins

Answer 3

proteins found on the exterior and interior surfaces of membranes

Question 4

What happens to fluidity when temperature decreases

Answer 4

It decreases

Question 5

What is cholesterol’s function in the fluid mosaic model?

Answer 5

It reduces the effects of temperature on fluidity

Question 6

What is passive transport?

Answer 6

A naturally occurring phenomenon and does not require the cell to exert any of its energy to accomplish the movement.

Question 7

What is a concentration gradient.

Answer 7

A physical space in which there is a range of concentrations of a single substance

Question 8

What molecules can passively diffuse through the membrane?

Answer 8

non-polar, lipid-soluble material with low molecular weight.

Question 9

What is facilitated transport?

Answer 9

Transport of ions and polar molecules through the phospholipid bilayer with the help of member proteins.

Question 10

What are the proteins involved in facilitated diffusion known as?

Answer 10

transport proteins

Question 11

What are aquaporins?

Answer 11

Proteins that heavily transport water

Question 12

What is a carrier protein?

Answer 12

This aptly named protein binds a substance and, in doing so, triggers a change of its own shape, moving the bound molecule from the outside of the cell to its interior (Figure 5.10); depending on the gradient, the material may move in the opposite direction.

Question 13

What is osmosis

Answer 13

the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane according to the concentration gradient of water across the membrane, which is inversely proportional to the concentration of solutes.

Question 14

What is tonicity

Answer 14

describes how an extracellular solution can change the volume of a cell by affecting osmosis.

Question 15

What is a hypotonic solution

Answer 15

the extracellular fluid has lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, and water enters the cell.

Question 16

What is a hypertonic solution

Answer 16

the prefix hyper- refers to the extracellular fluid having a higher osmolarity than the cell’s cytoplasm;

Question 17

What is an isotonic solution?

Answer 17

the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the cell.

Question 18

What is active transport?

Answer 18

transport that requires energy use

Question 19

What is a uniporter

Answer 19

carries one specific ion or molecule.

Question 20

What is a symporter

Answer 20

carries two different ions or molecules, both in the same direction.

Question 21

What is an antiporter

Answer 21

carries two different ions or molecules, but in different directions.

Question 22

What is endocytosis

Answer 22

A type of active transport that moves particles, such as large molecules, parts of cells, and even whole cells, into a cell. There are different variations of endocytosis, but all share a common characteristic: The plasma membrane of the cell invaginates, forming a pocket around the target particle.

Question 23

What is phagocytosis

Answer 23

The process by which large particles, such as cells or relatively large particles, are taken in by a cell.

Question 24

What is the pocket used to store items of phagocytosis called

Answer 24

the Vacuole

Question 25

What is pinocytosis?

Answer 25

this is a process that takes in molecules, including water, which the cell needs from the extracellular fluid.

Question 26

What is receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Answer 26

In receptor-mediated endocytosis, as in phagocytosis, clathrin is attached to the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. If uptake of a compound is dependent on receptor-mediated endocytosis and the process is ineffective, the material will not be removed from the tissue fluids or blood. Instead, it will stay in those fluids and increase in concentration.

Question 27

What is exocytosis?

Answer 27

is the opposite of endocytosis. Its purpose is to expel material from the cell into the extracellular fluid.

Question 28

Is diffusion active or passive

Answer 28

passive

Question 29

Is Osmosis active or passive

Answer 29

passive

Question 30

Is facilitated transport / diffusion passive or active

Answer 30

passive

Question 31

Is primary active transport active or passive

Answer 31

active

Question 32

Is secondary active transport active or passive

Answer 32

active

Question 33

Is phagocytosis active or passive

Answer 33

active

Question 34

Are pinocytosis and potocytosis active or passive

Answer 34

active

Question 35

Is Receptor-mediated endocytosis active or passive?

Answer 35

active

Question 36

What types of molecules are transported using diffusion

Answer 36

Small-molecular weight material

Question 37

What types of molecules are transported using osmosis

Answer 37

water

Question 38

What types of molecules are transported using facilitated transport / diffusion?

Answer 38

Sodium, potassium, calcium, glucose

Question 39

What types of molecules are transported using primary active transport?

Answer 39

Sodium, potassium, calcium

Question 40

What types of molecules are transported using secondary active transport

Answer 40

Amino acids, lactose

Question 41

What types of molecules are transported using phagocytosis

Answer 41

Large macromolecules, whole cells, or cellular structures

Question 42

What types of molecules are transported using pinocytosis and potocytosis

Answer 42

Small molecules (liquids/water)

Question 43

What types of molecules are transported using receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 43

Large quantities of macromolecules