biological molecules

Question 1

How are cellulose molecules adapted to their function in plant cells?

Answer 1

1. Long and straight chains form parallel to each other
2. Held together by many hydrogen bonds forming microfibrils
3. Provide strength

Question 2

What is the chemical group OH called?

Answer 2

Hydroxyl

Question 3

How does a change in primary structure of a globular protein affect its 3D shape?

Answer 3

1. Sequence of amino acids is changed
2. Tertiary structure changes
3. Bonds form in different places

Question 4

Suggest a method other than using a colorimeter to measure the quantity of reducing sugar in a solution.

Answer 4

1. Filter and dry
2. Weigh the precipitate

Question 5

What is the main structural difference between starch and cellulose molecules?

Answer 5

1. Starch formed from alpha glucose, cellulose formed from beta glucose
2. Position of hydrogen and hydroxyl groups on carbon are inverted

Question 6

Describe how a triglyceride molecule is formed.

Answer 6

1. Three fatty acids and a glycerol molecule
2. Joined by ester bond
3. In condensation reaction and removes 3 molecules of water

Question 7

describe how an ATP molecule is formed from its component molecules

Answer 7

1. Adenine, ribose, and three phosphates
2. condensation reaction
3. using ATP synthase

Question 8

state and explain the property of water that helps to prevent temperature increase in a cell?

Answer 8

• High specific heat capacity
• Buffers change in temperature as it takes a lot of energy

Question 9

Give two properties of water that are important in the cytoplasm of cells and explain their importance

Answer 9

1. Polar molecule - acts as a solvent
2. Reactive - takes place in hydrolysis and condensation reactions

Question 10

Describe the roles of iron ions, sodium ions and phosphate ions in cells

Answer 10

1. phosphate joins nucleotides in DNA/RNA
2. Used to produce ATP
3. Phosphorylates other compounds to make them more reactive

Sodium
4. sodium involved in the co transport of glucose/amino acids
5. because sodium moved out by active transport and creates a sodium concentration gradient

Iron
6. Found in haemoglobin and attracts and binds to oxygen

Question 11

if given and R group and asked to draw the amino acid…

Answer 11

draw exactly what the R group looks like