biological molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

what are carbohydrates

A

made from Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen (CHO)

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2
Q

what are fats and oils

A

made from Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen (CHO)

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3
Q

what are proteins

A

made from Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and sometimes Sulfur (CHON(S))

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4
Q

what are the basic units (monomers)

A
  • simple sugars
  • fatty acids and glycerol
  • amino acids
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5
Q

what are larger molecules (macromolecules)

A
  • starch and glycogen
  • fats and oils
  • proteins
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6
Q

test for starch

A

Add few drops of iodine, +ve result = blue-black colour

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7
Q

test for reducing sugar

A

Add Benedict’s reagent, then mixture is heated in water bath for 2 to 3 minutes. +ve result = brick-red precipitate, -ve result = remains blue

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8
Q

test for proteins

A

Add few drops of Biuret reagent, +ve result = mauve colour

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9
Q

test for fats

A

Emulsion test; ethanol is added to mixture, and this is poured into a test tube with an equal amount of distilled water, +ve result = milky-white emulsion

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10
Q

test for vitamin C

A

Decolourisation of DCPIP shows that a vitamin C is probably present.

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11
Q

what are chromosomes

A

Chromosomes are made of a molecule called DNA

Each chromosome is a very long molecule of tightly coiled DNA

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12
Q

structure of DNA

A

Two strands coiled together to form a double helix

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13
Q

what are DNA bases

A

Each strand contains chemicals called bases

Cross-links between strands are formed by pairs of bases

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14
Q

what are the DNA base pairs

A

The bases always pair up in the same way:

A and T

C and G

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