organization of the organism Flashcards
what do all typical cells have
Cell membrane: differentially or partially permeable to allow certain substances to enter and leave the cell.
Cytoplasm: where chemical reactions take place
Nucleus: contains DNA and controls the cell
Mitochondria: organelle where aerobic respiration happens
Ribosome: makes protein and can be found floating within the cytoplasm
what do animal cells have
Cell membrane: differentially or partially permeable to allow certain substances to enter and leave the cell.
Cytoplasm: where chemical reactions take place
Nucleus: contains DNA and controls the cell
Mitochondria: organelle where aerobic respiration happens
Ribosome: makes protein and can be found floating within the cytoplasm
what do plant cells have
Cell membrane: differentially or partially permeable to allow certain substances to enter and leave the cell.
Cytoplasm: where chemical reactions take place
Nucleus: contains DNA and controls the cell
Mitochondria: organelle where aerobic respiration happens
Ribosome: makes protein and can be found floating within the cytoplasm
Vacuole: stores food & water & helps to maintain shape of cell
Cell wall: rigid to keep shape of cell
Chloroplasts: contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
red blood cell function and adaptations
Transport of oxygen Biconcave shape
No nucleus
Flexible
Has haemoglobin
muscle cell function and adaptations
Contracts to get structures closer together Long
Many protein fibres in cytoplasm to shorten cell when energy available
ciliated cell function and adaptations
Move and push mucus Tiny hairs called cilia
root hair cell function and adaptations
Transport water and support plant No cytoplasm so water passes freely
No cross walls so cells connect to form tube
Lignin makes it strong and waterproof
palisade cell function and adaptations
Photo-synthesizes Regular shape so many can fit in a small space
Many chloroplasts
what is an organelle
a specialized part of a cell that has its own function, e.g. the nucleus
what is a cell
the smallest part of a living structure that can operate as an independent unit e.g. red blood cell
what is a tissue
a group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function e.g. muscle tissue
what is an organ
a structure made up of a group of tissues, working together to perform specific functions e.g. heart
what is an organ system
group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions e.g. respiratory system
formula for size of specimens
Magnification = size of drawing/ size of specimen = image/ actual = I/ A
