Biological Molecules - Carbohydrates Flashcards
(16 cards)
what atoms do carbohydrates contain?
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
what are the simplest form of sugars called?
Monosaccharides are the simplest sugars.
list the 3 types of monosaccharides and the number of carbons in each.
Triose - 3 carbons
Pentose - 5 carbons
Hexose - 6 carbons
give an example of the triose monosaccharide.
- and draw on paper its structure
Glyceraldeyde.
(google the image to check)
give 2 examples of pentose monosaccharides and explain what key component they make up.
Ribose and deoxyribose.
pentose are key components in the sugar phosphate backbones of DNA and RNA.
Give 4 examples of hexose sugars.
α - glucose
β - glucose
galactose
fructose
what is the bond between 2 hexose monosaccharides called
a glycosidic bond
- 2 hexose sugars form bonds to make what structures
- multiple hexose sugars bond to form what structure.
- Disaccharides.
- Polysaccharides.
what are hexose sugars used for
in processes that make ATP.
give the chemical formula for all monosaccharides
Cn(H2O)n
the n is lower case and at the bottom of the line.
Draw what disaccharide with a glycosidic bond looks like.
on paper.
When fructose and α-glucose link, what kind of disaccharide is created? Name the bond.
Sucrose is formed and it’s a glycosidic bond.
when α-glucose and α-glucose link, what kind of disaccharide is created? Name the bond.
maltose - with a glycosidic bond.
when α-glucose and galactose link, what kind of disaccharide is created? Name the bond.
Lactose - with a glycosidic bond.
what is the name of the process for when -
disaccharides –> monosaccharides
and what is used to complete it.
disaccharides hydrolyse into monosaccharides with enzymes.
give an example of a polysaccharide and describe its structre and function.
Glycogen - a brached polymer of many α-glucose molecules. Which is used for energy stroage in animals.
