Biological Molecules - Proteins.

Question 1

what are all proteins made up of

Answer 1

amino acids.

Question 2

draw the structure of an amino acid.

Answer 2

it should include the following - to a central carbon group -
- a variable group - R
- a carboxylic group - COOH
- an amino group - NH2
- a hydrogen atom - H

Question 3

what chains are formed when multiple amino acids bond together

Answer 3

polypeptide chains.

Question 4

what bonds are formed when amino acids bond. draw it on paper

Answer 4

Peptide bonds

Question 5

how many levels of structures do proteins have. name them.

Answer 5

4 levels -
primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary.

Question 6

describe the primary structure level of proteins

Answer 6

shows the basic amino acid sequence bonded by peptie bonds.

Question 7

describe the secondary structure of proteins

Answer 7

shows the folding of the polypeptide chain.
- foldings held by alpha helices or beta pleated sheets.
- with hydrogen bonds between them.

Question 8

describe the tertiary structure of proteins

Answer 8

shows further folding into a more complex shapes
- here more bonds are formed including - hydrogen bonds, di-sulfide bridges, inionic interactions and hydropobic interactions.

Question 9

where are di-sulfide bridges formed

Answer 9

between sulphur atoms on 2 cysteine amino acids.

Question 10

describe the quaternary structure of proteins

Answer 10

2 or more chains interacting with each other to form.
structural - fibrous
globular - metabolic