Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
(17 cards)
describe the main purpose of the musculoskeletal system.
to provide support and stability to the organs and allow movement.
what componenets make up the axial skeleton
the central core of the body’s skeleton, including the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage (thoracic cage), providing support, protection, and upright posture
where in the axial skeleton is the spinal column found and decribe its structure.
found in the central part of the axial skeleton.
- it consists of a series of small bones (vertebrae) forming a flexible and supportive structure down the back.
- between vertebrae are discs of cartilage to cushion them during locomotion, to reduce the force on the vertebrae.
what are joints
they are where 2 or more parts of the skeleton meet.
describe the different types of joints found in the skeleton
- Fibrous joints
- Cartilaginous joints
- Synovial joints
- what are fibrous joints and give an example of where they are found.
- found in the skull, they are fixed immovable joints
- the connection betweeen bones and are held together by these fibrous connective joints.
- what are cartilagenous joints and give an example of where they are found.
These are the joints where the connection between the moving bones is made up of catilage.
- eg - in the intervertebral discs holding the vertebrae together.
what are synovial joints and give an example of where they are found.
they are joints where synovial fluid is found between the moving bones.
eg - the knee.
label the structure of the knee, including a ligament, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, cartilage and bone.
on paper please
what is a ligament
a strong fibrous tissue that links bone to bone.
what is cartilage.
a smooth material which covers the ends of bones - helps lubricate joint movement by reducing friction.
what is the synovial membrane
a thin membrane of epithelial cells which produces synovial fluid.
what is synovial fluid
this liquid acts as a lubricant, it reduces friction and stops bones grinding against each other.
describe the structure of skeletal muscles
each skeletal muscle fibre is maade up of a single cylindrical muscle cell.
describe the structure of each regular muscle
they are made up of 100s or 1000s of muscle fibres bundles together.
- inside each muscle fibre, there are 2 protein filaments = thin actin and thick myosin.
how does actin and myosin work and what is there purpose.
these2 filaments slide over each other to casue contraction.
describe the antagonistic muscle action
muscles are only able to push or pull, but can’t do both, meaning they often act in pairs.
- one muscle pulls in one direction at a joint and the other pulls in the other direction.
- eg in the bicep/tricep.
