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Biology Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls cell activity

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2
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Site of chemical reaction

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3
Q

Cell membrane

A

Control which substances leave and enter the cell

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4
Q

Mitochondria

A

Aerobic respiration

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5
Q

Ribosomes

A

Protein synthesis

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6
Q

Cell wall

A

Gives the cell support - made of glucose

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7
Q

Vacuole

A

Contains cell sap

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8
Q

Chloroplast

A

The site of photosynthesis- glucose is produced

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9
Q

What are plant cells made of

A

Cellulose

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10
Q

What are cells

A

The building blocks of all living organisms

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11
Q

Name the four types of cells

A

Animal , plant , fungal and bacterial

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12
Q

What are plasmids

A

Small pieces of DNA that allow genetic materials to be transferred from one bacterial cell to another

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13
Q

What is circular DNA

A

Floats around in the cytoplasm

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14
Q

What cell does not have a nucleus

A

Bacterial

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15
Q

How many chromosomes does each human cell have

A

46

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16
Q

What kind of cells result from uncontrolled cell division

A

Cancer cells

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17
Q

What are stem cells

A

Unspecialised cells that have the ability to divide to self renew

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18
Q

What are the three characteristics of a stem cell

A
  1. The ability to self renew

2. The ability to develop into new specialised cells

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19
Q

What are the three characteristics of a stem cell

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A
  1. The ability to self renew
  2. The ability to develop into new specialised cells
  3. There long life span
20
Q

What are embryonic stem cells

Study These Flashcards
A

Cells that can develop into any type of cells

21
Q

What does the cell membrane contain

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A

Protein and phospholipid molecules

22
Q

Where are the protein molecules found

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A

Embedded in the two layers of phospholipids

23
Q

What is the cell membrane described as

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A

Selectively permeable

24
Q

What does selectively permeable mean

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A

Only lets some substances through but not others

25
Name three substances that can pass through the membrane
Water , oxygen , glucose , amino acids or carbon dioxide
26
What are the two substances that cannot pass through the membrane
Starch and protein
27
How do carbon dioxide and water leave the cell
Via the cell membrane
28
Name the two types of passive transport
Diffusion and osmosis
29
Describe passive transport
It occurs down a concentration gradient and does not require energy
30
Describe the process of diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient from a higher to a lower concentration
31
If the concentration of sugar was 75% what would be the concentration of water
25%
32
If the concentration of salt was 27% what would be the concentration of water
73%
33
Describe the process of osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules down a concentration gradient from a higher to a lower water concentration
34
What are the steps of percentage change
1. Work out the difference between the two numbers 2. Divide the difference by the original number 3. Multiply by 100
35
Does active transport require energy
No
36
Describe active transport
Active transport requires energy for the membrane proteins to move molecules and ions AGAINST the concentration gradient
37
What way does active transport move
Lower to higher
38
What happens if animal cells are immersed in concentrated salt solution
The cell becomes shrivelled
39
What happens if an animal cell is immersed in water
The cells swell and eventually burst
40
What happens if an animal cell is immersed in water
The cells swell and eventually burst
41
Why is cell division essential
To allow organisms to grow and repair
42
What happens during cell division
The parent cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells
43
Describe the 1st and 2nd step in mitosis
1. Long uncoiled chromosomes in the nucleus replicate | 2. Chromosomes shorten and thicken
44
Describe the 3rd and 4th step of mitosis
3. Chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell | 4. Pairs of chromosomes are pulled apart
45
Describe the 5th and 6th step of mitosis
5. Nuclear membrane reforms | 6. The cytoplasm divides and two identical daughter cells form
46
How to you calculate cell size
Field of view (FOV) divided by the number of cells

S3 (6 decks)

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