Biology - plants 🪴

Question 1

What are the three plant organs

Answer 1

Roots , stem , leaves

Question 2

what is the function of the root hairs

Answer 2

To provide a larger surface area for the plant to absorb water

Question 3

what is the structure of the root hairs

Answer 3

Long projection

Question 4

why do plants require transport systems

Answer 4

To move water and dissolved foods from one area to another

Question 5

where is the xylem vessels

Answer 5

In the stem

Question 6

What is the function of the xylem

Answer 6

To transport water and minerals

Question 7

Are xylem vessels dead or alive

Answer 7

Dead

Question 8

What is the structure of the xylem

Answer 8

Dead , hollow tubes and has lignin for support

Question 9

Explain where water and minerals enter

Answer 9

Water and minerals enter the plant through the root hairs and are transported in dead xylem vessels

Question 10

What is the function of the phloem

Answer 10

Transports sugar and glucose up and down the plant

Question 11

Is the phloem dead or alive

Answer 11

Alive

Question 12

What is the structure of the phloem

Answer 12

Made of living tissues
Has sieve tubes and plates
Companion cells

Question 13

What do companion cells provide

Answer 13

Energy for the sieve tubes

Question 14

Upper and lower epidermis

Feature
Function

Answer 14

Feature - transparent

Function - lets light enter the leaf

Question 15

Palisade mesophyll

Feature
Function

Answer 15

Feature - tall and tightly packed together and contains chloroplast
Function - photosynthesis

Question 16

Spongy mesophyll

Feature
Function

Answer 16

Feature - loosely packed together with air spaces

Function - allows carbon dioxide to diffuse to the palisade mesophyll cells

Question 17

Veins

Feature
Function

Answer 17

Feature - contains xylem and phloem

Function - transports water and minerals , and glucose produced in mesophyll cells

Question 18

Stoma (stomata)

Feature
Function

Answer 18

Feature -close in darkness and open in light

Function - allow carbon dioxide to enter oxygen and water vapour to leave

Question 19

Guard cells

Feature
Function

Answer 19

Feature - water enters to open the stomata

Function- control opening and closing of stomata

Question 20

What is transportation

Answer 20

The evaporation of cells water from leaves

Question 21

What is the transpiration stream

Answer 21

The transport of water through a plant

Question 22

How does water and minerals enter the plant

Answer 22

Through the root hairs by osmosis

Water then enters the xylem and then travels up the dead xylem

Question 23

What happens when water travels to the stomata

Answer 23

It evaporates out the surrounding air by diffusion

Question 24

The three steps of transpiration

Answer 24

1. Water enters the root hair cells by osmosis
2. Water enters the xylem vessels and moves upwards
3. Water travels to stomata and evaporates into surrounding air by diffusion

Question 25

How is the rate of transpiration affected

Answer 25

Wind speed Humidity Temperature Surface area

Question 26

Will an increase in temperature increase or decrease the rate of transpiration

Answer 26

Increase

Question 27

Will a decrease in wind speed increase or decrease the rate of transpiration

Answer 27

Decrease

Question 28

Will the increase of humidity increase or decrease the rate of transpiration

Answer 28

Decrease

Question 29

Will a increase in surface area increase or decrease the rate of transpiration

Answer 29

Increase

Question 30

Why are plants grown

Answer 30

To provide food , medicine , fuel and raw materials

Question 31

What are biofuels

Answer 31

Fuels produced from plant materials

Question 32

What is pharming

Answer 32

A technology which involves genetically engineering plants so they produce medicinal products

Question 33

Plants can be used as fertilisers | What are fertilisers ?

Answer 33

They provide essential nutrients to developing flowers, plants and vegetables

Question 34

What is important for the growth ans development of plants

Answer 34

Water Oxygen Warmth (WOW)

Question 35

Describe the first two steps in seed germination

Answer 35

1. The seed is planted in the soil | 2. The roots start growing

Question 36

The next three steps

Answer 36

3. The shoot grows out (hook shaped) | 4. The shoot breaks through the surface of the soil

Question 37

The next three

Answer 37

5. The roots continue to grow and the shoot grows up 6. The plant straightens and the first leaves open out 7. Side branches grow out from main roots

Question 38

What do growing plants require

Answer 38

Minerals

Question 39

What is the function of magnesium

Answer 39

Needed to make chlorophyll

Question 40

What is the function of nitrate

Answer 40

Needed to make proteins

Question 41

What is the function of phosphate

Answer 41

Needed to make DNA

Question 42

What us the function of potassium

Answer 42

Needed for healthy growth

Question 43

What two types of reproduction can plants carry out

Answer 43

Sexual and asexual

Question 44

How many parents do each sexual and asexual reproduction involve

Answer 44

Sexual- 2 parents | Asexual- only 1

Question 45

What are the offsprings of both sexual and asexual reproduction like

Answer 45

Sexual- genetically unique | Asexual- genetically identical (eg clone)

Question 46

In flowering plants are the female and male reproductive structures in the same or different plant

Answer 46

they can be found in the same

Question 47

What is the organ or sexual reproduction

Answer 47

The flower

Question 48

What is the process involved in plant reproduction

Answer 48

Fertilisation

Question 49

What is a gamete

Answer 49

A sex cell

Question 50

What is the male gamete

Answer 50

Pollen

Question 51

Where is pollen produced

Answer 51

Anther

Question 52

What is the female gamete

Answer 52

Ovule

Question 53

Where is the ovule produced

Answer 53

The ovaries

Question 54

What is the definition of diploid

Answer 54

The cell has two sets of chromosomes | 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs

Question 55

What is the definition of haploid

Answer 55

Sex cells are haploid They only have one set of chromosomes (23 single chromosomes)

Question 56

What is the function of the anther

Answer 56

Produced pollen grains - male gamete for plants

Question 57

What is the function of the ovary

Answer 57

Produces ovules - female gamete for plants

Question 58

What is the stigma

Answer 58

Where the pollen travels before entering the ovary for fertilisation- the female part of the plant

Question 59

What is the first 2 steps of fertilisation

Answer 59

1. A bee transports pollen grains on the stigma of a flower | 2. A pollen tube grows through the tissue of the flower until it reaches an ovule inside the ovary

Question 60

The last

Answer 60

The nucleus of the pollen grain (male gamete) passes along the pollen tube and joins with the nucleus of the ovule

Question 61

What is asexual reproduction

Answer 61

Also known as plant propagation | Is the production of new plants naturally or by artificial methods

Question 62

What is the simplest way to artificially propagate a plant

Answer 62

Cutting | This involves taking a branch from the parent and cutting the lower leaves and planting the stem in damp compost

Question 63

What are other methods for plant propagation

Answer 63

Bulbs Runners Tubers

Question 64

Name 2 raw materials and their uses

Answer 64

Cotton - cloth eg. Clothes | Seaweed - toothpaste , shampoo

Question 65

Name 2 foods and their uses

Answer 65

Potato - chips , crisps | Grape - jam , wine

Question 66

Name 2 medicines and their uses

Answer 66

Foxglove - treats heart disease | Aloe Vera - soothes burns