Biology - DNA, PROTEINS, ENZYMES

Question 1

Describe dna

Answer 1

Double stranded helix held together by complementary base pairs

Question 2

Name the complementary base pairs

Answer 2

Adenine+thymine
Guanine+cytosine

Question 3

What is the function of DNA

Answer 3

sequence of bases determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins

Question 4

What is mRNA

Answer 4

A molecule which carries a complementary copy of the genetic code

Question 5

Where does mRNA go ?

Answer 5

From dna
In the nucleus
A
To a ribosome

Question 6

What happens in the ribosomes

Answer 6

Proteins are assembled from amino acids

Question 7

How are amino acids coded

Answer 7

Sequence of three bases

Question 8

What is a gene

Answer 8

Section of dna codes for proteins

Question 9

Where is dna found

Answer 9

Nucleus of chromosomes
DNA CANNOT LEAVE NUCLEUS

Question 10

What does DNA carry

Answer 10

Genetic information for making proteins

Question 11

What are chromosomes and their genes made up of

Answer 11

DNA

Question 12

List 3 types of proteins

Answer 12

Structural
Enzymes
Hormones

Question 13

What does the sequence of amino acids determine

Answer 13

The shape and function of the protein

Question 14

What are enzymes are where are they found

Answer 14

Proteins found in all living cells

Question 15

What are enzymes functions

Answer 15

A biological catalyst

Question 16

What is a biological catalyst

Answer 16

Speeds up the rate of chemical reactions and remains unchanged in the process

Question 17

What is the shape of the active site of an enzyme complementary too

Answer 17

It’s specific substrate (s)

Question 18

What is the enzyme formula

Answer 18

Substrate —— enzyme ——product

Question 19

What are substrates

Answer 19

Chemicals enzymes act upon

Question 20

What are products

Answer 20

Chemicals produced by action of an enzyme

Question 21

What is hydrogen peroxide

Answer 21

A substrate

Question 22

What is catalase

Answer 22

An enzyme

Question 23

What is water and oxygen

Answer 23

Products

Question 24

What is a degradation reaction

Answer 24

A large molecule is broken down into smaller products

Question 25

What is a synthesis reaction

Answer 25

Build up of smaller substrates into larger products

Question 26

What is the part of an enzyme that substrate molecules can attach to

Answer 26

The active site

Question 27

What is the active site of an enzyme molecule complementary too

Answer 27

A specific substrate - an enzyme can work on one substrate

Question 28

Where is an enzyme most active

Answer 28

It’s optimum condition

Question 29

What is the optimum condition

Answer 29

Where an enzyme is most active / highest rate of reaction

Question 30

What can enzymes and other proteins be affected by - give examples

Answer 30

Temperature and ph

Question 31

What does denatured mean

Answer 31

Enzymes can become denatured resulting in a change in shape which will affect the rate of reaction

Question 32

When will an enzyme denature

Answer 32

At a high temperature

Question 33

What happens when a denatured enzyme changes shape

Answer 33

Substrates can no longer bind

Question 34

What happens to enzymes at an optimum pH

Answer 34

They are most active

Question 35

What happens if the pH value increases above or decreases below the optimum pH

Answer 35

The enzyme activity decreases

Question 36

What happens if temperature increases beyond a proteins working range

Answer 36

The shape of proteins irreversibly changes

Question 37

What is a control used for

Answer 37

To prove that it is the independent variable that is changing the dependent variable and no other factors

Question 38

What does a control allow

Answer 38

A comparison

Question 39

Give 4 examples of controls

Answer 39

Time durations Mass/volumes Temperature Concentration of substances