Biology- unit 3 (ecosystems)

Question 1

What is a species

Answer 1

Group of organisms that interbreed to produce fertile offspring

Question 2

What is biodiversity

Answer 2

The variety of organisms on earth

Question 3

What is population

Answer 3

Number of particular species

- SAME species

Question 4

What is a producer

Answer 4

Green plant

Photosynthesises to make food

Question 5

What are consumers

Answer 5

Eat other plants or animals for energy

Question 6

What is a carnivore

Answer 6

Eats animals

Question 7

What is a herbivore

Answer 7

Eats plants

Question 8

Omnivore ?

Answer 8

Eats both plants and animals

Question 9

Predator ?

Answer 9

Hunts for animals for food

Question 10

Prey?

Answer 10

Is hunted for food

Question 11

What is a food chain

Answer 11

Shows feeding relationships and energy flow

Question 12

What is a ecosystem

Answer 12

Consists of all the organisms living in a particular area and the non-living components which the organisms interact

Question 13

What is a habitat

Answer 13

Where an organism lives

Question 14

Community?

Answer 14

All the plants and animals in the ecosystem

Question 15

What is a niche

Answer 15

The role that an organism plays within a community

Question 16

What is competition

Answer 16

When resources are in short supply

Question 17

Intraspecific competition?

Answer 17

SAME SPECIES

ALL RESOURCES REQUIRED

Question 18

Interspacific competition

Answer 18

DIFFERENT SPECIES

ONE OR FEW RESOURCES

Question 19

List examples of biotic factors

Answer 19

Competition
Disease
Grazing
Predation

Question 20

List abiotic factors

Answer 20

Light intensity
Soil moisture
pH
Temperature

Question 21

List two ways to sample plants or animals and say how they are suitable

Answer 21

Quadrats- growing plants and slow moving insects

Pitfall traps - small surface dwelling intervertebrates

Question 22

What is an indicator species

Answer 22

Species that indicate environmental levels of pollution

Question 23

Write the word equation for photosynthesis

Answer 23

Carbon dioxide + water ——-> sugar + oxygen

Light energy

Question 24

Name the 2 stages

Answer 24

Light reaction

Carbon fixation

Question 25

Describe the steps of stage 1

Answer 25

Light energy trapped by chlorophyll in the chloroplasts Converted into chemical energy - to generate ATP [used in stage 2] Water is then split to produce hydrogen and oxygen [ oxygen diffuses from cell]

Question 26

Describe stage 2

Answer 26

Enzyme controlled reaction | Uses hydrogen and ATP with carbon dioxide to produce sugar - glucose

Question 27

What does the plant do with the sugar

Answer 27

Available for respiration Starch (storage) Cellulose (structural)

Question 28

What are limiting factors

Answer 28

Anything that when in short supply can limit/reduce the rate of reaction

Question 29

List the limiting factors in photosynthesis

Answer 29

Temperature Light intensity Carbon dioxide concentration

Question 30

What do fertilisers provide

Answer 30

Nitrates

Question 31

What is a fertiliser

Answer 31

Add extra nutrients to soil to increase crop yields

Question 32

Name negative impacts of fertilisers

Answer 32

Bacteria uses up large amounts of oxygen | Can leach into water - adding unwanted and extra nitrates

Question 33

What is a pesticide

Answer 33

Chemicals sprayed on crops to prevent damage from pests | Animals and plants can be killed

Question 34

What are nitrates used for

Answer 34

Produce amino acids which are synthesised into plant proteins

Question 35

What is a mutation

Answer 35

A random change to genetic material

Question 36

What environmental factors can increase the rate of mutation.

Answer 36

Radiation and chemicals

Question 37

Describe mutations

Answer 37

Spontaneous and the only source of new alleles

Question 38

What does variation do within a population

Answer 38

Make it possible to evolve overtime

Question 39

What is natural selection

Answer 39

Species produce more offspring than a environment can sustain The best adapted individuals will survive to reproduce- eg moths

Question 40

What can variation and adaptation result in

Answer 40

Plants and animals becoming better adapted to their environment

Question 41

What does variation in a population make possible

Answer 41

Population to evolve overtime

Question 42

What is adaptation

Answer 42

A characteristic that makes an organism well suited to survival in its environment

Question 43

What is speciation

Answer 43

When part of a population becomes isolated by a barrier

Question 44

What will an isolation barrier prevent

Answer 44

Organisms reproducing and sharing genes

Question 45

Give 2 geographical examples

Answer 45

River | Mountains

Question 46

Give 2 ecological examples

Answer 46

pH | Temperature

Question 47

What does a sub-population do

Answer 47

Evolve until they become so genetically different that they are two different species - no longer reproduce