Biology *1080 Lecture 17

Question 1

What is maltose?

Answer 1

2 glucose

Question 2

What is sucrose?

Answer 2

fructose and glucose

Question 3

what is lactose?

Answer 3

galactose and glucose

Question 4

What is Starch?

Answer 4

glucose and glucose and glucose

Question 5

What does active and facilitated transport do?

Answer 5

Move carbs into circulation

Question 6

What are glucose and galactose absorbed by?

Answer 6

Active Transport (requires ATP)

Question 7

What is Fructose absorbed by?

Answer 7

Facilitated Transport (no ATP)

Question 8

What happens with people who are lactose intolerant?

Answer 8

Not secreting enough lactose to break down dairy products

Question 9

1st Stage of Peptide and Amino Acid Transport

Answer 9

Proteins broken down into smaller peptides

Question 10

2nd Stage of Peptide and Amino Acid Transport

Answer 10

Epithelial Cells secrete peptidases to break down larger peptides into individual amino acids

Question 11

3rd Stage of Peptide and Amino Acid Transport

Answer 11

Transported throughout the body via the bloodstream in order to produce energy (in liver) or protein synthesis

Question 12

What does it mean to emulsify fat?

Answer 12

Making fat soluble with bile

Question 13

What are bile salts?

Answer 13

Amphipathic

Question 14

What does amphipathic mean?

Answer 14

Hydrophilic and lipophilic

Question 15

What is a fat globule?

Answer 15

Non-polar

Question 16

How do bile salts make a fat globule soluble?

Answer 16

Combines with water to turn into phospholipids and a triglyceride or a fat droplet

Question 17

What is the breakdown of fat by lipase?

Answer 17

• A fat droplet and triglyceride and phospholipid combine with lipase to create a monoglyceride and fatty acids
• The monoglyceride and fatty acids go through brush border

Question 18

Does chylomicrons (fat) go straight through the bloodstream?

Answer 18

No, it is absorbed by the lymphatic system first as it is too large

Question 19

What are triglycerides packaged as?

Answer 19

Chylomicrons

Question 20

What are chylomicrons?

Answer 20

A type of lipoprotein that transports cholesterol to different tissues

Question 21

What do chylomicrons prevent?

Answer 21

They prevent atherosclerosis by delivering more cholesterol rich particles to the artery wall

Question 21

How do chylomicrons re-enter circulation?

Answer 21

Via thoracic duct near the heart

Question 22

What comes in from the ileum?

Answer 22

Ileal chyme (a chemical and particle-rich liquid, i.e, broken down food particles)

Question 23

What are examples of substances that come in from the Ileum?

Answer 23

• Unabsorbed Nutrients
• Hormones and Chemical Messengers
• Soluble Fibre (probiotics)
• Insoluble Fibre
• Microbes (probiotics)
• Cellular Debris
• Excretion products from the liver

Question 24

What does the colon play a large role in?

Answer 24

Hydration

Question 25

1st stage of what happens in the large intestine

Answer 25

The colonic epithelium absorbs water and simple ions like sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium

Question 26

2nd stage of what happens in the large intestine

Answer 26

The resident microbes digest and absorb what chemicals they can (prebiotics) in a process called fermentation, which produces short chains of fatty acids

Question 27

3rd stage of what happens in the large intestine

Answer 27

The resident microbes produce some vitamins (Vitamin K, Vitamin B) as a by product of their metabolism.

Question 28

4th stage of what happens in the large intestine

Answer 28

The resident microbes produce gases during their digestion and consumption of the Ileal chyme (carbon, methane, hydrogen sulphide)

Question 29

5th stage of what happens in the large intestine

Answer 29

Newly arriving live microbes (probiotic or other) seek to get a foothold in the microbial ecosystem and multiply

Question 30

What is hedonic hunger?

Answer 30

The drive to eat to obtain pleasure even though, you are not hungry

Question 31

What is homeostatic hunger?

Answer 31

Increased motivation to eat due to depletion of energy stores (hungry as you have not ate in awhile)