Biology 8-10

Question 1

Functions of xylem (3)

Answer 1

Transport of water and mineral ions, and support

Question 2

Functions of phloem (2)

Answer 2

Transport of sucrose and amino acids

Question 3

Outline the pathway taken by water through
root, stem and leaf (4)

Answer 3

Root hair cells, root cortex cells, xylem, mesophyll cells

Question 4

Describe transpiration

Answer 4

The loss of water vapour from leaves

Question 5

How does water evaporates

Answer 5

From the surfaces of the mesophyll cells into the air spaces and then diffuses out of the leaves through the stomata as water vapour

Question 6

Factors affecting rate of transpiration (4)

Answer 6

Light, temperature, humidity, wind.

Question 7

How to investigate the speed on transpiration rate

Answer 7

Can be investigated using a potometer in a range of environmental conditions

Question 8

What is the circulatory system

Answer 8

A system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure one-way flow of blood

Question 9

Structure of the heart (8) libro abierto

Answer 9

Muscular wall
Septum
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Left atria
Right atria
One-way valves
Coronary arteries

Question 10

What does diastole means

Answer 10

The heart filling with blood / is relaxing

Question 11

What does systole means

Answer 11

The heart emptying / is contracting

Question 12

How does blood is pumped away from the heart

Answer 12

Blood is pumped away from the heart in arteries and returns to the heart in
veins

Question 13

How does the activity of the heart may be
monitored (3)

Answer 13

ECG (electrocardiogram)
Pulse rate
Listening to sounds of valves closing

Question 14

Describe the effect of physical activity on the heart rate

Answer 14

Increase in heart rate

Question 15

Describe coronary heart disease

Answer 15

The blockage of coronary arteries

Question 16

What can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease

Answer 16

A good diet and exercise

Question 17

State the possible risk factors (7)

Answer 17

Diet
Lack of exercise
Stress
Smoking
Genetic predisposition
Age
Sex

Question 18

Blood vessels (3)

Answer 18

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

Question 19

Function and structure of Arteries
(wall thickness, lumen size, presence of valves)

Answer 19

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body

• Thick muscular wall
• Narrow lumen size
• No

Question 20

Function and structure of Veins
(wall thickness, lumen size, presence of valves)

Answer 20

Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart

• Thin muscular wall
• Wide lumen size
• Yes

Question 21

State the functions of capillaries

Answer 21

Deliver oxygen to respiring cells
Collect and remove carbon dioxide from respiring cells

Question 22

Structure of Capillaries
(wall thickness, lumen size, presence of valves)

Answer 22

• Very thin wall
• Very small lumen size
• No

Question 23

Components of blood (4)

Answer 23

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma

Question 24

Function of red blood cells

Answer 24

Ttransport oxygen
including the role of haemoglobin

Question 25

Role of haemoglobin

Answer 25

Carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 26

Function of white blood cells

Answer 26

Phagocytosis and antibody production

Question 27

Function of platelets

Answer 27

Clotting

Question 28

Function of plasma

Answer 28

Transport of blood cells, ions, nutrients, urea, hormones and carbon dioxide

Question 29

Describe a pathogen

Answer 29

A disease-causing organism

Question 30

Describe a transmissible disease

Answer 30

Disease in which the pathogen can be passed from one host to another

Question 31

How a pathogen is transmitted (2)

Answer 31

By direct contact, including through blood and other body fluids Indirectly, including from contaminated surfaces, food, animals and air

Question 32

Body defences against pathogens (5)

Answer 32

Skin Hairs in the nose Mucus Stomach acid White blood cells

Question 33

How does the skin works as defence against pathogens

Answer 33

Covers almost all parts of your body to prevent infection from pathogens

Question 34

How does the hairs in the nose works as defence against pathogens

Answer 34

Make it difficult for pathogens to get past them further up the nose so they are not inhaled into the lungs

Question 35

How does the mucus works as defence against pathogens

Answer 35

In various places in the body, pathogens get trapped in the mucus and can then be removed

Question 36

How does the stomach acid as defence against pathogens

Answer 36

Contains hydrochloric acid which is strong enough to kill any pathogens that have been caught in mucus

Question 37

How does white blood cells works as defence against pathogens

Answer 37

Prevent pathogens reaching areas of the body they can replicate in

Question 38

Measures to control the spread of disease (5)

Answer 38

A clean water supply Hygienic food preparation Good personal hygiene Waste disposal Sewage treatment

Question 39

The importance of a clean water supply in controlling the spread of disease

Answer 39

Prevent waterborne diseases e.g. cholera.

Question 40

The importance of a hygienic food preparation in controlling the spread of disease

Answer 40

Help to prevent contamination of food with harmful bacteria and fungi

Question 41

The importance of a good personal hygiene in controlling the spread of disease

Answer 41

Reduce transmission of diseases such as colds and flu.

Question 42

The importance of waste disposal in controlling the spread of disease

Answer 42

To avoid flies and insects that can act as vectors for transmissible diseases.

Question 43

Function of vaccinations

Answer 43

Help control the spread of diseases