Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psych Biology > Biology and Behaviour > Flashcards

Biology and Behaviour Flashcards

(62 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Hindbrain

A

Contains cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and reticular formation. Controls balance, motor coordination, breathing, digestion, and general arousal processes such as sleeping and waking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

midbrain

A

contains inferior and superior colliculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

forebrain

A

contains thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, limbic system, and cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay station for sensory information, for all senses except smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Maintains homeostais and integrates with the endocrine system through the hyophyseal portal system that connects it to the anterior pituitary; regulates hunger and thirst, emotion, and sexual behaviour.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Smoothen movements and maintains postural stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Limbic System

A

Contains septal nuclei, amygdala, and hippocampus, controls emotion and memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Four lobes of cerebral cortex

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Controls executive function, impulse control, long-term planning, motor function, and speech production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Controls sensations of touch, pressure, temperature, and pain; spatial processing; orientation; and manipulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Controls visual processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Controls sound processing, speech perception, memory, and emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Voluntary muscle control, parasympathetic nervous system, attention, alertness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

A

Fight-or-flight responses, wakefulness, alertness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dopamine

A

Smooth movements, postural stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Serotonin

A

Mood, sleep, eating, dreaming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

GABA and Glycine

A

Brain “stabilization”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Glutamate

A

Brain excitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Endorphins

A

Natural painkillers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Meninges

A

Thick sheath of connective tissue that covers and protects the brain, keeping it anchored within the skull and resorbing cerebrospinal fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the three layers of the meninges?

A

From outer to inner: The dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where is cerebrospinal fluid produced?

A

By specialized cells that line the ventricles (internal cavities) of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the subdivisions of the embryonic brain?

A

Prosencephalon (forebrain) which contains the telencephalon and diencephalon, the mesencephalon (midbrain), rhombencephalon (hindbrain), and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The rhombencephalon splits into what 2 parts during embryonic development

A

Myelencephalon and metencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Myelencephalon
Becomes the medulla oblongata
26
Metencephalon
Becomes the pons and cerebellum
27
Medulla oblongata
Lower brain structure responsible for regulating vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure
28
Pons
Lies above medulla and contains sensory and motor pathways between the cortex and medulla
29
Cerebellum
Helps maintain posture and balance and coordinates body movements
30
Midbrain
Receives sensory and motor information from the rest of the body; associated with involuntary reflex responses triggered by visual or auditory stimuli; contains inferior and superior colliculi
31
Superior colliculus
Receives visual sensory input
32
Inferior colliculus
Receives sensory information from the auditory system; has a role in reflexive reactions to sudden loud noises
33
Forebrain function
Associated with complex perceptual, cognitive, and behavioural processes
34
What 2 structures does the prosencephalon differentiate into during prenatal development
Telencephalon and diencephalon
35
Telencephalon
forms cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic system
36
Diencephalon
Forms thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior pituitary gland, and pineal gland
37
Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF)
A noninvasive brain mapping procedure which detects broad patterns of neural activity based on increased blood flow to different parts of the brain
38
Computed Tomography (CT)
Multiple X-rays are taken at different angles and processed by a computer to cross-sectional slice images of the tissue
39
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan
A radioactive sugar is injected and absorbed into the body, and its dispersion and uptake throughout the target tissue is imaged
40
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Uses to a magnetic field to interact with hydrogen and map out hydrogen dense regions of the body
41
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Uses same basic technique as MRI, but specifically measures changes associated with blood flow
42
Parts of the hypothalamus
Lateral, ventromedial, and anterior hypothalamus
43
Lateral Hypothalamus (LH)
Has special receptors thought to detect when the body needs more food or fluids (when LH is destroyed, one Lacks Hunger)
44
Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH)
"Satiety center", provides signals to stop eating | when VMH is destroyed, one is Very Much Hungry
45
Anterior Hypothalamus
Controls sexual behaviour, and also regulates sleep and body temperature. Damage here usually leads to permanent inhibition of sexual activity
46
What is one illness associated with destruction of portions of the Basal Ganglia
Parkinson's Disease
47
Septal nuclei
Contains one of the primary pleasure centers in the brain
48
Amygdala
Structure that plays an important role in defensive and aggressive behaviours, including fear and rage
49
Hippocampus
Plays a vital role in learning and memory processes; helps consolidate information to form long-term memories, and can redistribute remote memories to the cerebral cortex
50
Fornix
A long projection through which the hippocampus communicates with other portions of the limbic system
51
Gyri
Bumps on the brain
52
Sulci
Folds on the brain
53
What 2 regions does the frontal lobe consist of
Prefrontal and motor cortex
54
Prefrontal cortex
Manages executive function by supervising and directing the operations of other brain regions
55
Association area
An area that integrates input from diverse brain regions (e.g. prefrontal cortex)
56
Projection areas
Perform more rudimentary or simple perceptual and motor tasks
57
Primary motor cortex
Located on the precentral gyrus and initiates voluntary motor movements by sending neural impulses down the spinal cord toward the muscles
58
Where is the somatosensory cortex located
Parietal lobe
59
Function of Somatosensory cortex
Destination for all incoming sensory signals for touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.
60
Dominant hemisphere
Usually the left hemisphere; primarily analytic in function; e.g. language, logic, math skills, complex voluntary movement, language production and comprehension
61
Nondominant hemisphere
Usually the right hemisphere; associated with intuition, creativity, music cognition, emotions, and spatial processing
62
Catecholamines
Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine; all play important roles in the experience of emotions

Psych Biology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions