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DAT > Biology - Chapter 9: Diversity of Life > Flashcards

Biology - Chapter 9: Diversity of Life Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Taxonomy Classifications

A

1) Kingdom
2) Phylum
3) Class
4) Order
5) Family
6) Genus
7) Species

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2
Q

Taxonomy Mnemonic

A

King Phillip Came Over For Great Soup

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3
Q

Gram Positive Bacteria

A
  • thick peptidoglycan layer

- stain dark purple

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4
Q

Gram Negative Bacteria

A
  • thin peptidoglycan layer

- stain pink (due to counterstain)

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5
Q

Archae

A
  • cell wall lacks peptidoglycan
  • ribosome has unique structure
  • contain introns
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6
Q

6 Kingdoms

A

Archae, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

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7
Q

Protist

A

Kingdom of mostly unicellular eukaryotic organism

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8
Q

Fungus-like protists

A
  • e.g. slime molds
  • no cell wall made of chitin
  • saphrophytic/phagocytosis
  • asexual reproduction and sporulation
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9
Q

Plant-like protists

A
  • among the most important primary producers in aquatic environments
  • unicellular
  • photosynthetic autotrophs
  • asexual
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10
Q

Fungi

A
  • heterotrophic saprophytes
  • have hyphae
  • favorable conditions: asexual, produce haploid spore via mitosis
  • unfavorable conditions: sexual, produce diploid cell that makes spores via meiosis
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11
Q

Nonfilamentous fungi

A
  • e.g. yeast
  • unicellular
  • asexual (budding)
  • facultative anaerobes
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12
Q

Filamentous fungi

A
  • e.g. molds, mushrooms
  • multicellular
  • multinucleate (form hyphae)
  • sexual
  • aerobic
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13
Q

Mycelium

A

-Network of hyphae

1) Septate hyphae: dividing hyphaes
2) Coenocytic hyphae: long continuous w/o division

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14
Q

Lichens

A
  • symbiotic autotrophs

- fungi paired with either algae or cyanobacteria

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15
Q

Coelom

A
  • cavity

- Acoeolomates, Pseudocoelomates, Coelomates

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16
Q

Coelomates

A
  • mesoderm surrounds the coelom on all sides

- Phyla: Annelida, Mollusca, Arthtropoda, Echinodermata, Chordata

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17
Q

Acoelomates

A
  • mesoderm does not surround the coelom on all sides

- Phylum: platylhelminthes

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18
Q

Pseudocoelomates

A
  • mesodorm partially surrounds coelom

- Phyla: nematoda, rotifera

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19
Q

Animal Phyla Mnemonic

A

Privileged Children Play Nicely Rapidly and Maturely, Arthur Ensures Cooperation

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20
Q

Porifera

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A
  • e.g. sponge
  • first animal
  • asymmetrical
  • digest via amoebocytes
  • feed as suspension feeders
  • asexual/hermaphrodites
21
Q

Cnidaria

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A
  • e.g.: hydra, jellyfish, sea anemone, coral
  • Body symmetry: radial
  • -Tissue organization: diploblasts
  • Circulatory system: diffusion
  • Nervous system: nerve net (no brain)
  • Respiratory system: diffusion
  • Digestive system: gastrovascular cavity
  • General characteristics: some have nematocysts, switch from polyp (asexual) to medusa (sexual)
22
Q

Platyhelminthes

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A
  • e.g: flatworms, flukes, tapeworm, planaria
  • Body symmetry: bilateral
  • Tissue organization: triploblast
  • Circulatory system: none
  • Nervous system: ganglia
  • Respiratory system: diffusion
  • Digestive system: gastrovascular cavity (except tapeworms)
  • General Characteristics: sexual/asexual, parasite
23
Q

Nematoda

Study These Flashcards
A
  • e.g: round worm, hook worm, trichinella C. elegans
  • Body symmetry: Bilateral
  • Tissue organization: triploblasts
  • Circulatory system: diffusion
  • Nervous system: nerve cord and ring
  • Respiratory system: diffusion
  • Digestive system: alimentary canal
  • General characteristics: cuticle, parasite
24
Q

Rotifera

Study These Flashcards
A
  • e.g: Rotifers
  • Body symmetry: bilateral
  • Tissue organization: triploblast
  • Circulatory system: diffusion
  • Nervous system: ganglia
  • Respiratory system: diffusion
  • Digestive system: alimentary canal (mouth and anus)
  • General characteristics: sexual or parthogenetically, freshwater environments, draws food and water in mouth by beating cilia
25
Annelida
- e.g: earthworms, leach - Body symmetry: bilateral - Tissue organization: triploblast - Circulatory system: closed circulatory system - Nervous system: ganglia - Respiratory system: diffusion - Digestive system: alimentary canal - Embryonic development: protostome (mouth first) - General characteristics: segmented, sexual/asexual, muscly boi
26
Mollusca
- e.g: clam, snail, slug, squid, octopus, cephalopod - Body symmetry: bilateral - Tissue organization: triploblast - Circulatory system: open - Nervous system: brain - Respiratory system: gills - Digestive system: alimentary canal, radula - Embryonic development: protostome - General characteristics: visceral mass, radula, hemocoel
27
Arthtropoda (all)
- e.g: insects, arachnida, crustacean - Body symmetry: bilateral - Tissue organization: triploblast - Circulatory system: open (hemolymph, kinda like blood) - Nervous system: ganglia - Digestive system: one-way digestion - Embryonic development: protostome
28
Arthropoda (insects)
E.g.: ant, grasshopper - Respiratory system: spiracles and tracheal tubes - General characteristics: exoskeleton made of chitin, three pairs of legs, A LOT, metamorphosis
29
Arthtropoda (arachnida)
E.g.: spider, scorpion - Respiratory system: trachae or book lungs - General characteristics: exoskeleton, jointed appendages, four pairs of legs
30
Arthropoda (crustacea)
- E.g.: lobsters, crayfish, crab - Respiratory system: gills - General characteristics: exoskeleton, jointed appendages, aquatic/terrestrial
31
Echinodermata
- e.g: starfish, sea urchin, sea urchin, sea cucumber - Body symmetry: bilateral (larvae), five-fold radial (adult) - Tissue organization: triploblasts - Circulatory system: open, no heart - Nervous system: nerve ring - Respiratory system: none - Digestive system: complete, mouth and anus - Embryonic development: deuterostome - General characteristics: water vascular system, central disk, tube feet, sexual/asexual, closest related to chordates
32
Chordates
- e.g.: vertebrates - body symmetry: bilateral - tissue organization: triploblasts - embryonic development: deuterostome
33
4 Shared Traits of Chordates
1) Notochord 2) Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord 3) Pharyngeal Gill Slits 4) Muscular post-anal tail
34
Notochord
- cartilaginous rod derived from mesoderm - forms the primitive axis - replaced by bone
35
Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord
forms spinal cord
36
Pharyngeal Gill Slits
- forms pharynx, gills, other feeding structures | - in humans: eustachian tubes
37
Muscular post-anal tail
lost during embryonic development in humans and many other chordates :(
38
Chordate: Lanceletes
- Subphylum: cephalochordata - Circulatory system: closed, no heart - Respiratory system: gills - General characteristics: no vertebrae
39
Chordate: Tunicates
- Subphylum: Tunicate - Circulatory system: closed and open - Respiratory system: gills - General characteristics: notochord in larvae, sessile filter feeders, sexual and asexual (budding)
40
Chordate: Fish (Jawless)
- e.g.: lamprey, hagfish - Subphylum: vertebrata - Circulatory system: two chambered heart - Respiratory system: gills - General characteristics: notochord in both stages of life, cartilaginous skeleton
41
Chordate: Fish (Cartilagonous)
- e.g.: shark - Subphylum: vertebrata - Circulatory system: two chambered heart - Respiratory system: gills - General characteristics: jaws and teeth, reduced notochord with cartilaginous vertebrae
42
Chordate: Fish (Bony)
E.g.: salmon, halibut - Subphylum: vertebrata - Circulatory system: two chambered heart - Respiratory system: gills - General characteristics: scales, bony skeleton
43
Chordate: Amphibia
E.g.: Frog, toad, salamander, newt - Subphylum: vertebrata - Circulatory system: three chambered heart - Respiratory system: gills in juveniles, lungs in adults - General characteristics: no scales, metamorphosis (tadpoles)
44
Chordate: Mammalia (Monotremes)
E.g.: duckbill platypus, spiny anteater - Subphylum: vertebrata - Circulatory system: four chambered heart - Respiratory system: lungs - General characteristics: homeothermic, feed young with milk, leathery eggs, sweat milk
45
Chordate: Mammalia (Marsupials)
E.g.: kangaroo, opposum - Subphylum: vertebrata - Circulatory system: four chambered heart - Respiratory system: lungs - General characteristics: homeotherms, feed young with milk
46
Chordate: Mammalia (Placental)
E.g.: Bat, whale, human, doggy - Subphylum: vertebrata - Circulatory system: four chambered heart - Respiratory system: lungs - General characteristics: homeotherms, placenta support fetus
47
Chordate: Reptilia
E.g.: Turtle, snek, crocodile, alligator - Subphylum: vertebrata - Circulatory system: Three chambered (except crocodile and alligators = four chambered) - Respiratory system: lungs - General characteristics: mainly terrestrial, leathery eggs, internal fertilization, cold blooded
48
Chordate: Birb
E.g.: Eagle, blue jay - Subphylum: vertebrata - Circulatory system: Four chambered heart - Respiratory system: Lungs - General characteristics: homeotherms, eggs in shell

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