Biology Defintions

Question 1

Prophase

Answer 1

-Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
-Nucleolus+nuclear membrane disappear
-Spindle fibres form and attach to chromosomes from their centromeres.

Question 2

Metaphase

Answer 2

Spindle fibres pull chromosomes to the equator of the cell.

Question 3

Anaphase

Answer 3

-Spindle fibres shorten which pull the centromeres apart making sister chromatids.
-Sister chromatids move to opposite poles, each sister chromatid is considered to be a chromosome now.

Question 4

Telophase

Answer 4

-A complete set of chromosome is at each pole
-spindle fibres disappear
-A nucleolus and nuclear membrane appear again
-Cell is ready to divide.

Question 5

Neutral mutation

Answer 5

A mutation that doesn’t affect the organism

Question 6

Positive mutation

Answer 6

A mutation that helps an organism

Question 7

Negative mutation

Answer 7

A mutation that harms an organism

Question 8

Cell cycle

Answer 8

The 3 stages are interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.

Question 9

Diploid cell

Answer 9

Has 2 sets of chromosome, and contains the full set of 46 chromosomes.

Question 10

Haploid cell

Answer 10

Has 1 set of chromosomes, it contains half the set of chromosomes; 23

Question 11

Stem cells

Answer 11

Have the potential to become many different types of cells.

Question 12

Gene therapy

Answer 12

Techniques, developed to alter mutated genes in order to make them function normally.

Question 13

Gametes

Answer 13

Eggs or sperm

Question 14

Sexual reproduction

Answer 14

-Needs two parents
-offspring is unique

Question 15

Asexual reproduction

Answer 15

-Only needs 1 parent
-offspring are genetic copies of the parent.

Question 16

Gene mutation

Answer 16

A change in the specific order of the A,G,C and T bases that make up a particular gene.

Question 17

Chromosomes

Answer 17

A threadlike structure in a cell nucleus that carries genes.

Question 18

Fertilization

Answer 18

When an egg cell is penetrated by a sperm cell and the haploid genetic info of of both male and female gametes combine.

Question 19

Meiosis

Answer 19

The process that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes as body cells.

Question 20

Mitosis

Answer 20

The process in which the duplicated contents of the cells nucleus divide into two equal parts.
-using in asexual reproduction

Question 21

Genes

Answer 21

Segment of DNA located at a specific place on a chromosome each contain information to reproduce proteins.

Question 22

Mutations

Answer 22

Substances or factors that can cause mutations in DNA.

Question 23

Enzymes

Answer 23

Proteins that help speed up chemical reactions within cells.

Question 24

Zygote

Answer 24

A fertilized egg

Question 25

Embryonic development

Answer 25

Early development of a multi cellular organism following fertilization.

Question 26

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Answer 26

A molecule that contains the instructions for how living things grow and work.