BIOLOGY PERSPECTIVE Flashcards
(16 cards)
eWAT
Visceral
* Associated with CV
* Increase a lot more in male obesity cases
psWAT
Subcutaneous
* Total of this deposit is more in ave. person
How many calories/energy in adipose stores
~334 720 kJ
* greatly increases as BMI increase
Thrifty Genome Hypothesis
Prehistoric “hunter-gatherer”
* Periods of feast and famine
* If food is available > take it, keep storing
Thrifty EpiGenome Hypothesis
Dutch Famine WW2 > those who survived and were pregnant observed during this time
* Their offspring had higher risk of obesity
* Faster than normal evolution and natural selection
What are PTMs?
PostTranslational Modifications
* Stick out of histone protein tails
* Can quickly be changed, as opposed to DNA
Methylation
Compact chromatin > restrict transcription
DNA methylation in Children (Leptin)
Increase methylation of LEP > less modulation on appetite (esp. in males)
* occurs in utero
* weight/nutrient conditions of mother impact epigenetics of kids
Food stress
Remembered through generations
* Starvation resistance in second gen
The Dual Intervention Point Model
Don’t want to be too “thrifty”
* high BMI > risk of predation
* There is a middle ground
Protein Leverage Hypothesis
Dietary displacement of protein by fats and carbs interacts with the strong human protein appetite to drive excess energy intake and obesity
Animals have a certain protein target…
But if food is low in protein, have to consume much more food in general to meet target
* consume MUCH MUCH more carbs and fats
High protein foods
Expensive
* Fast food is cheap
* Contributing factor to obesity
Cultural factors impacting obesity
Agriculture = AL food
* Not hunting, less up to chance
* More sedentary
Environmental and social factors impacting obesity
- Eating culture
- Shift work
- Computer games etc.
Genetic factors impacting obesity
- Energy stores
- Insulin resistance
- Epigenetics
- Inflammation
- Meds
- Sleep
