MODULE OVERVIEW Flashcards
(19 cards)
Human platelets
Easy to isolate from blood and characterise proteins in healthy vs diabetic
* clotting/platelet function effected in diabetes
* CV issues
BMI
Ratio of body mass to height
BMI classifications
25 or more - overweight
30 or more - obese
Obesity in males
More than 60% are in overweight/obese categories
* more common in males
Age and obesity
Increases with age
* Healthy groups begin to decrease from the age of 45
* Risk of death as you get older becomes higher when you are obese
Most common causes of death
- M - CV disease
- F - Dementia, alzheimers
Remote areas
Higher overweight and obesity prevalence
Obesity and Heritability
- 47%
- Decreases with age, enviro plays larger role
Monogenic obesity
Early-onset, severe obesity
* Rare
* High genetic contribution - mutation in leptin gene > NO negative feedback on appetite
Polygenic obesity
Common
* Some genetic contribution - many variants
* environment
* low penetrance
Why is it hard to detect causative genes in polygenic cases?
There are many variants, each gene change has a small impact
* it is a comibination or accumulation
Obesity contributes to many types of diseases, mainly…
metabolic and cardiovascular
Metabolic disease associated with obesity
- T2D
- Gout
- Insulin resistance
- Metabolic Syndrome
Cardiovascular disease associated with obesity
- Atherosclerosis
- Hypertension
- Dyslipidemia
- CHF
- Atrial Fibrillation
Obesity-related comorbidities and BMI
With increasing BMI, comorbidities increase
In T2D…
Liver, muscle, adipose tissue becomes RESISTANT to effect of insulin
* Pancreas cannot secrete enough insulin
Risk factors for T2D
- Body weight
- Genes
- Exercise
- Smoking and drinking
Hyperglycemia puts you at risk for…
- Retinopathy
- Damage to kidneys
-
Foot ulcers
etc.
T2D in aus
More prevalent in men
* Increase with age
* Highest in low SES
* Highest in outer regional and remote areas
