Biology Quiz #2

Question 1

what is the cell membrane sometimes referred to as

Answer 1

the phospholipid bilayer

Question 2

what does the cell membrane consist of

Answer 2

a double layer of lipids that each has a phosphate group attached

Question 3

what does hydrophilic mean

Answer 3

they love water and are attracted to it

Question 4

what does hydrophobic mean

Answer 4

they do not like water and avoid it

Question 5

what is the cell membrane

Answer 5

protective layer that allows things to transfer in and out of the cell

Question 6

where are the hydrophilic heads located

Answer 6

at the top of the cell membrane, closest to the surface or outside portion

Question 7

where are the hydrophobic heads located

Answer 7

at the bottom of the cell membrane, closest to the inside portion of the cell

Question 8

where are integral proteins located

Answer 8

throughout the whole cell membrane

Question 9

where are peripheral proteins located

Answer 9

more on the side of the cell membrane

Question 10

what do carbohydrates do in the cell membrane

Answer 10

they act as a physical barrier and signal the cell to what’s good or bad

Question 11

what does cholesterol do

Answer 11

regulate how everything flows

Question 12

what organelle is responsible for transport

Answer 12

the cells membrane

Question 13

whats stated in the particle model of matter

Answer 13

all matter is made up of particles, particles of matter constantly moving, particles are attracted to each other, particles have spaces between them

Question 14

what is concentration

Answer 14

the amount of a specific particle

Question 15

what is the concentration gradient

Answer 15

the movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 16

whats diffusion

Answer 16

natural movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 17

what is the result of diffusion

Answer 17

state of equilibrium

Question 18

how can the rate of diffusion be increased

Answer 18

by adding energy and/or increasing molecular movement

Question 19

when does diffusion occur in cells

Answer 19

when there is a difference between the concentrations of solutes on either side of the membrane or within the cytoplasm

Question 20

why is the cell membrane considered selectively permeable

Answer 20

allows certain particles to pass through it but not all particles

Question 21

what are the 3 determinants of what passes through the cell membrane

Answer 21

its size, charge, and solubility in lipids

Question 22

what is osmosis

Answer 22

the diffusion of water

Question 23

whats a hypertonic solution

Answer 23

solution that has a higher concentration of solute than that in the cell

Question 24

what happens if a cell is put into a hypertonic solution

Answer 24

water will leave the cell and the cell will dry out

Question 25

whats a hypotonic solution

Answer 25

a solution that has a lower concentration of solutes than that in a cell

Question 26

what happens if a cell is put in a hypotonic solution

Answer 26

water will enter the cell, causing it to swell and eventually explode

Question 27

whats an isotonic solution

Answer 27

solution that has the same concentration of solutes as that in the cell

Question 28

what happens if a cell is put into an isotonic solution

Answer 28

there will be no net movement of water molecules

Question 29

what state are cells the happiest and healthiest in

Answer 29

isotonic

Question 30

what is osmoregulation

Answer 30

control of water balance and the tendency of water to move into the plant cell to create pressure that supports the plant's structure

Question 31

what is the process of losing water and shrinking in animal cells called

Answer 31

crenation

Question 32

why is cytolysis

Answer 32

the swelling and bursting of animal cells

Question 33

what is plasmolysis

Answer 33

when the cell membrane of a plant cell shrinks away from the cell wall from being placed in a hypertonic environment

Question 34

what is deplasmolysis

Answer 34

rehydration of a plant cell due to it being placed in a hypotonic environment

Question 35

whats facilitated diffusion

Answer 35

diffusion of water-soluble molecules through a channel in the membrane

Question 36

what do channel proteins do

Answer 36

create channels through which small water-soluble particles are able to move in response to the concentration gradient

Question 37

what do carrier proteins do

Answer 37

attach large molecules unable to diffuse across the membrane then change shape to physically move the molecule across the membrane

Question 38

what is active transport used for

Answer 38

to move particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 39

what is active transport

Answer 39

transport that requires energy input

Question 40

where and how is the energy for active transport produced

Answer 40

in the mitochondria through the process of cellular respiration

Question 41

where do you get energy for active transport from

Answer 41

adenosine triphosphate or ATP

Question 42

what happens in endocytosis

Answer 42

vesicle forms around the particles and the cell membrane pinches off around it, putting the vesicle inside the cell

Question 43

what does phagocytosis deal with

Answer 43

bigger particles

Question 44

what does pinocytosis deal with

Answer 44

smaller particles

Question 45

when are endocytosis and exocytosis used in transport

Answer 45

when a bigger particle needs to get in or out of the cell

Question 46

whats exocytosis

Answer 46

vesicle containing the material is brought to the surface of the cell membrane and it is released outside of the cell

Question 47

what do recognition proteins do?

Answer 47

allow cells to recognize each other

Question 48

what do receptor proteins do?

Answer 48

bind specifically with certain molecules to bring then bring the cell through endocytosis

Question 49

what does insulin do

Answer 49

binds to receptor proteins of tissue cells through facilitated diffusion using carrier protein

Question 50

what is desalination

Answer 50

the process of removing salt from seq water

Question 51

what is reverse osmosis

Answer 51

moving water from a low concentration to a high water concentration

Question 52

why are small cells better

Answer 52

if they are bigger stuff cant transport into them in the time it needs

Question 53

what is the benefit of an increased surface area

Answer 53

possibility for more transport

Question 54

what happens if the cell becomes to large

Answer 54

volume increases and the distance any molecule has to travel from the cell surface will increase

Question 55

what must happen for efficient transport at a cell surface

Answer 55

cell must have a large surface area in relation to its volume

Question 56

what does it mean when there is a higher SA to V ratio

Answer 56

cell has more efficient transport