Biology - Topic 3

Question 1

organic molecule (hydromolecule)

Answer 1

Has to contain carbon

Question 2

Hydroxyl Group

Answer 2

molecule with formula (-HO)

Question 3

Alcohol group

Answer 3

an alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group is bound to a carbon (ex C-HO)

Question 4

amino group

Answer 4

found in amino acids, formula is NH2

Question 5

protien

Answer 5

A molecule compromised of polymers of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds

Question 6

phosphate group

Answer 6

related to ATP

Question 7

dehydration synthesis

Answer 7

chemical reaction that involves the loss of water molecule from the reacting molecule. (creates monomers)

Question 8

hydrolysis

Answer 8

chemical reaction in which water is used to break down a compound; water molecule is put inside (creates polymers

Question 9

monomer

Answer 9

can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer

Question 10

polymer

Answer 10

substance that contains large amounts of similar units (monomers)

Question 11

Carbohydrates

Answer 11

energy found in certain foods, uses these foods to make gluecose

Question 12

monocaccharide

Answer 12

colorless, water soluble, crystalline solids. Ex. glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 13

Lipid

Answer 13

fatty acids, non-polar, hydrophobic, include natural oils waxes, and steriods

Question 14

fatty acid

Answer 14

a carboxylic acid consisting of a hydrocarbon chain and terminal carboxyl group.

Question 15

Nucleic acid

Answer 15

a complex organic substance present in living cells, mainly DNA/RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain

Question 16

disaccharide

Answer 16

class of sugars whose molecules contain two monosaccharide residues (ex. lactose and sucrose)

Question 17

polysaccharides

Answer 17

carbohydrates whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together (ex. starch, chitin, cellulose)

Question 18

saturated fat

Answer 18

type of fat where all the fatty acid chains have mostly single bond

Question 19

unsaturated fat

Answer 19

type of fat which there is at least one double bond within a fatty acid chain. It is monosaturated if it contains one double bond, and is polysaturated if it contains more than one double bond

Question 20

triglyceride

Answer 20

an ester formed from glycerol and three fatty acid groups. Main constituents of natural fats and oils. (i.e. 3 fatty acid tails, hydrophobic)

Question 21

sterol

Answer 21

group of naturally occurring unsaturated steroid alcohols, waxy solids (i.e. lipids with no steroid tails)

Question 22

cholesterol

Answer 22

a sterol, type of lipid molecule, essential structural component of all animal cell membranes

Question 23

wax

Answer 23

second group of neutral lipids, consist of long fatty chain acids through an ester oxygen to a long-chain alcohol (i.e. mixture of lipids bonded to alcohol)

Question 24

phospholipid

Answer 24

lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule

Question 25

groups of a protien

Answer 25

alpha carbon, R group, amino group, and carboxyl group

Question 26

Hemoglobin

Answer 26

oxygen transporting protein of red blood cells, Consist of four polypeptide subunits; 2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains. Transports oxygen from lungs to rest of the body

Question 27

denaturation

Answer 27

process in which proteins/nucleic acids lose their structure by application of some external stress or compound such as a strong acid, certain salts, or a change in pH

Question 28

ATP

Answer 28

Adenosine Triphosphate, energy currency of life, stores the energy, we need it to do everything we do

Question 29

functional groups

Answer 29

side chains that change the function of the molecule

Question 30

phosphate groups

Answer 30

structure for DNA, PO4 is formula

Question 31

monomers of carbohydrates

Answer 31

monosaccharides

Question 32

monomers of lipids

Answer 32

glycerol

Question 33

monomers of nucleic acids

Answer 33

nucliatides

Question 34

monomers of proteins

Answer 34

amino acids

Question 35

polymers of carbohydrates

Answer 35

starch

Question 36

polymers of lipids

Answer 36

gluecose

Question 37

polymers of mucleic acids

Answer 37

DNA/RNA

Question 38

polymers of proteins

Answer 38

polypeptides