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Some other class > Medieval Japan + Europe - DeMarco - Global Studies 1 > Flashcards

Medieval Japan + Europe - DeMarco - Global Studies 1 Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Geography of Japan

A
  • temperate climate
  • only 20% of the land is suitable for civilization
  • volcanic soil
  • natural harbors serve as protection
  • prone to earthquakes and tsunamis
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2
Q

Islands of Japan were formed

A

by marriage of god Izanagi and goddess Izanami

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3
Q

The Japanese nation (people) was founded

A

by sun goddess Amaterasu

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4
Q

the Emporer is a direct descendant of

A

Amaterasu

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5
Q

Japanese kingdom was founded by

A

divine warrior Jimmu, who led people from Kyushu to Honshu

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6
Q

uji

A

tribal clans ruled by hereditary chieftains

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7
Q

What philosophy arrived from China

A

Buddhism

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8
Q

Heian Period

A

Japan started to establish its own culture

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9
Q

what caused the rise of the samurai

A

Nobles began hiring warriors to safeguard their own interests

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10
Q

Which three families dominated Japan during the Genpei War

A

Figiwara, Minamoto, Tiara

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11
Q

changes introduced by the Kamakura Shogunate

A

appointments of shogu to govern different sections

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12
Q

shogu

A

military governer

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13
Q

Shotoku Taishu

A

aristocrat who centralized power, brings seventeen-article constitution

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14
Q

seventeen article constitution reforms

A
  • supreme ruler
  • centralized government
  • merit system for selecting officials (similar to civil service exams)
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15
Q

Key components of Japan’s first constitution

A

Harmony must be kept, obey imperial command, every man has a clear responisbility

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16
Q

Taikia’s Reforms

A

-Grand council and 8 ministries
- Written language
- Islands divided into administrative districts
- government organized by rural villages
- all farm land belongs to the state
- Taxes paid directly to central government
(GWIGAT)

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17
Q

Nara

A

New capital, imitates Chinese capital, Chang-an

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18
Q

‘son of heaven’

A

title used by rulers, imitates China

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19
Q

Mandate to rule stays with

A

imperial house, unlike China

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20
Q

‘Sun’s origin’

A

Nara period uses this to refer to Japan

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21
Q

Civil service exams

A

limited to nobles, not commoners, aristocracy gains power

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22
Q

heian

A

new capital, (modern-day kyoto)

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23
Q

Fujiwara clan

A

powerful, wealthy family that linked itself with the emperor’s royal family

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24
Q

Samurai

A

military retainers who protect the security and property of their patron

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25
properties of a samurai
-served administrative and millitary function -lives of simplicity and self sacrifice - unquestioning loyalty to their lord - fought on horseback - followed Boshido (SLUFF)
26
Boshido
way of the warrior
27
Feudalism
system in which people were given land and protection by people of a higher rank
28
genin
landless laborers
29
eta
slave class, equivalent to untoughables
30
kami
natural spirits inhabiting trees, rivers, and mountains
31
Shinto
'sacred way', importance of physical purity, no moral code
32
Jodo
(Pureland), devotion alone can lead to enlightenment (Mahayana)
33
Zen
(Chan) emphasis on self discipline and communication with nature (Thermada)
34
Fall of Rome effects Italy
- economic & communication decline - Romans and Germans mix - Visigoths take over
35
Fall of Rome effects Gaul (France)
- taxes raised - centralized administration - invasions
36
Fall of Rome effects Britain
- emergence of Northmen (Vikings) | - Christianity emerged
37
Clovis
established Frankish Kingdon and Merovingian dynasty, converts to Christianity, then kingdom divides with his death
38
Arian Christianity
As son of God, Jesus is subordinate to God (Jesus is less than God)
39
Roman Catholicism Christianity
Jesus is both fully human and fully God, viewed Arians as heretics, support Clovis rule
40
Germanic Society & Law
- Patriarchal famlies - Murders handled by courts - Bloodfuse - Wergeld
41
Bloodfuse
families of injured parties sought revenge on the family of the wrongdoer
42
wergeld
'man money' paid to compensate for a person injured or killed, value based on social class
43
ordeals by fire
the accused had to carry a red-hot bar of Iron and walk 9 feet, if the accused was healed cleanly within three days, they were innocent
44
ordeals by water
the accused was plunged into a pool of cold water on a rope. If they floated, the water was rejecting them, rendering them guilty
45
trial by combat
Fight to the death, innocent survived, can call on another person to fight for you
46
Charlemagne (Chales the Great)
Christian Frankish king who establishes an empire across western and central Europe
47
Charlemagne being crowned 'Emperor of the Romans' is significant
because it starts the Holy Roman Empire
48
Charlemagne achievements
doubles territory and improved relations with the Pope
49
Leif Erikson
founder of Viking Greenland, led them to North America
50
First Russian state
Rus, founded by the Vikings
51
Great Heathen Army
Danish army of Vikings that invade England (Heathen vs Christianity)
52
Connection between Vikings and Normandy
Rollo agreed to stop raids in return for land in Normandy (???)
53
Varangian Guard
Viking guard for Byzante Empire
54
Bishop of Rome becomes sole leader -
Pope, controls church in the west
55
Monks
seek to live separate from the rest of society to dedicate themselves totally to God
56
Monasticism
living together in a community dedicated to God, emphasis on prayer + manual labor
57
Monks played a major role in
converting Europe to Christianity
58
Feudalism
political and military system that applied to most of Europe during the Early Middle Ages
59
fiefs
land
60
sub infeudation
the connection between various levels of the lord-vassal relationship
61
responsibilities of vassals
40 days of military service, serve as judges for legal cases, provide finance for lighting of lords eldest son, marriage of eldest daughter, and pay ransom if lord is captured
62
responsibilities
protect vassals, take vassals side in court, provide fief for vassal
63
Knights
heavily armored aristocratic cavalry, dominate european warfare, chivalry
64
chivalry
code of ethics and honor followed by knights, defend church, treat captives as honored guests, fight only for glory
65
Manor
agricultural estate operated by a lord and worked by peasants and serfs
66
demesne
1/3-1/2 of land, which is used by lord, remainder used by peasants (Manor system)
67
Three-field system
rotating crops, one field with winter grain, one with spring grain, one follows fallow (untitled)
68
serfs
peasants that are legally bound to the land, 60% of Western Europe's population
69
Responsibilities of serfs
cannot leave without lords perm. work 3 days a week pay rent cannot marry outside the manor without approval
70
Cistercians
wealthy monastic group
71
first university in Europe
Bologna
72
Relationship Oxford and Cambridge
Oxford students fled to Cambridge
73
Europeans drove Muslims from
Sicily, Spain, and Portugal
74
High Middle Ages population
74 million
75
High Middle Ages Agricultural Advancements
iron tools, watermills, and windmills
76
capitalism
economic system in which commerce and industry and controlled by private owners who invest in trade and goods to make profits
77
centers for trade with other regions
Venice and Flanders
78
Communes
associations formed by townspeople for self-rule when lords refused to provide for them
79
Guilds
organized groups of craftspeople
80
University
a guild of teachers or students
81
Liberal arts curriculum
grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music and astronomy
82
Scholasticism
the philosophical the theological system of medieval schools, tried to unite faith and reason
83
Saint Thomas Aquinas
posed questions, offered different viewpoints, and then developed conclusions uniting faith and reason
84
Romanesque
Rectangular style, flat wooden roofs, massive pillars and walls, dark,with narrow windows
85
Gothic
Ribbed vaults and pointed arches, flying buttresses, taller, with thinner walls, stained glass windows

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