Flashcards in Biopsych midterm Deck (116)
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What is the monistic view of the mind-body problem?
The mind is generated through the physical actions of the brain.
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What is the mind-body problem?
1. asks about the nature of the mind and the body.
2. was originally posed by philosophers.
3. has not been solved.
4. usually involves deciding between a monistic or a dualistic view.
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Blindsight suggests that some parts of the brain may play a special role in what system?
consciousness
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How do humans compare with other animals with regards to the relation between brain size and body size?
Human brains are larger than other species when expressed relative to total body weight.
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What type of neurons function to contract muscles?
Motor
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What kind of metabolic rate do neurons have?
High
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What are key functions of an astrocyte?
1. provide physical support of nerve cells.
2. provide nourishment to neurons.
3. clean up debris within the brain.
4. regulate the chemicals in the fluid surrounding neurons.
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What is an important advantage associated with saltatory conduction?
Myelin speeds up the velocity at which an axon can conduct an action potential.
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Communication of neural signals across the synapse involves
1. the opening of voltage-gated channels in the axon terminal.
2. voltage changes that open calcium channels in the presynaptic membrane.
3. vesicles that release transmitter molecules into the synapse.
4. the binding of transmitter at postsynaptic receptors triggering membrane potentials.
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Autoreceptors are located on the ________ and detect ________ .
presynaptic membrane; the transmitter released by that neuron
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The term "dorsum" means
Back
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ventrum means
Belly
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Assume that electrical stimulation of the right motor cortex elicits limb movements on the left side of the body. In this instance, we would describe this as a ________ organization of motor cortex and the muscles of the body.
contralateral
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_______ consists of the pons and medulla oblongata.
Metencephalon
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Neurogenesis in the adult brain is stimulated by
a learning experience.
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What would be expected as a result of damage to the somatosensory association cortex?
Difficulty in naming an object the person can touch (but not see).
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Damage to portions of the limbic cortex would be expected to alter
1. emotion.
2. the ability to recognize emotion in others.
3. long-term memory.
4. the ability to learn and retain new information
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The structures that comprise the basal ganglia include the
1. putamen.
2. globus pallidus.
3. caudate nucleus
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A function attributed to the cerebellum is the
coordination of motor movements.
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The ________ comprise the autonomic nervous system.
sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
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________ refers to the capacity of a drug molecule to bind to a key site of action.
Affinity
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What is true of the therapeutic index?
More caution is required for a drug with a low therapeutic index.
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A drug that binds with a postsynaptic receptor, but does not open ion channels would be termed a(n)
direct antagonist.
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Which transmitter is the primary excitatory transmitter in the brain?
glutamate
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Which transmitter is the primary inhibitory transmitter in the brain?
GABA
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What is important to know about acetylcholine (ACh)?
1. ACh was the first transmitter to be identified within the body.
2. ACh controls muscle movements,
3. ACh is released at the neuromuscular junction.
4. ACh is involved in the autonomic nervous system.
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An ionotropic receptor produces a a postsynaptic potential that is
rapid and short in duration.
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What is Serotonin synthesized from?
tryptophan
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Glutamate, GABA, and glycine are important because these are
the most common neurotransmitters in the CNS.
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