Biopsychology as a Neuroscience

Question 1

–is the scientific study of the biology of behavior.
–denotes a biological approach to the study of psychology.

Answer 1

Biopsychology

Question 2

The organization of Behavior(1949)

Answer 2

Donald O. Hebb

Question 3

It did not become a major
neuroscientific discipline until
the 20th century

Answer 3

Origin of Biopsychology

Question 4

are neuroscientists who bring to
their research a knowledge of behavior and of the
methods of behavioral research

Answer 4

Biopsychologists

Question 5

is the study of the nervous system –
from structure to function, development to
degeneration, in health and in disease

Answer 5

Neuroscience

Question 6

3 Major Dimensions of Biopsychological Research

Answer 6

1.Human or non-human subjects
2.Formal experiments or nonexperimental studies
3.Pure or applied

Question 7

– They can follow instructions
– They can report their
subjective experiences
–Humans are often cheaper

Answer 7

1.1 Human Subjects
Human Subjects Advantages

Question 8

– The brains and behavior of _____________are
simpler than those of human subjects.

Answer 8

1.2 Non-Human Subjects
Non-Human Subjects Advantages

Question 9

➢the study of biological processes by comparing different species.
➢Fewer ethical constraints on the study of laboratory species than on the study of humans.

Answer 9

Comparative approach

Question 10

Is the method used
by scientists to study
causation– to find
out what causes
what.

Answer 10

Experiments

Question 11

the variable that’s controlled by the
experimenter by administering
treatments.

Answer 11

Independent Variable

Question 12

These variables are expected to change
as a result of an experimental
manipulation of the independent
variable.

Answer 12

Dependent Variable

Question 13

– is an outside influence that changes the effect
of a dependent and independent variable.
– This extraneous influence is used to influence
the outcome of an experimental design.
– is an extra variable entered into the equation
that was not accounted for.

Answer 13

Confounding Variable

Question 14

Designed by the experimenter
under which the subjects will be
tested.

Answer 14

Conditions

Question 15

all participants are exposed to
every treatment or condition

Answer 15

WITHIN-SUBJECTS DESIGN

Question 16

is a type of practice effect that
occurs because the results
from one test influences
another. Whenever subjects
perform in more than one
condition (as they do in withinsubject designs) there is a
possibility of carryover effects

Answer 16

Carryover Effect

Question 17

➢A different group of subjects is tested under
each condition.
➢The basic idea behind this type of study is that
participants can be part of the treatment group
or the control group, but cannot be part of
both.
➢A between subjects design is a way of avoiding
the carryover effects that can plague withinsubjects design.

Answer 17

BETWEEN-SUBJECTS
DESIGN

Question 18

Non-experimental

Answer 18

A.Quasi-experimental Studies
B.Case Studies

Question 19

studies of groups of subjects who have been
exposed to the conditions of interest in the real
world.
– These studies have the appearance of
experiments, but they are not true experiments
because potential confounded variables have not
been controlled or randomly selected.

Answer 19

Quasi-experimental
Studies

Question 20

– Studies that focus on a single case or subjects.
– Provide a more in-depth picture that that
provided by an experiment or quasi-experimental
study.
Disadvantage of Case Study
➢Generalizability – the degree to which the results
can be applied to other cases.

Answer 20

Case Study

Question 21

– Is research motivated primarily by the
curiosity of the researcher.
– It is done solely for the purpose of
acquiring knowledge.

Answer 21

Pure Research

Question 22

–Is research intended to bring about
some direct benefit to humankind.

Answer 22

Applied Research

Question 23

Six Major Divisions of
Biopsychology

Answer 23

A.Physiological Psychology
B. Psychopharmacology
C. Neuropsychology
D.Psychophysiology
E. Cognitive Neuroscience
F. Comparative Psychology

Question 24

– Study of the neural mechanisms of
behavior by manipulating the
nervous systems of non-human
subjects in controlled experiments.

Answer 24

A. Physiological Psychology

Question 25

–Study of the effects of drugs on
the brain and behavior.
–The goal is develop therapeutic
drugs or reduce drug abuse

Answer 25

B. Psychopharmacology

Question 26

–Study of psychological
effects of brain damage
in human patients.

Answer 26

C. Neuropsychology

Question 27

–Study of the relation between
physiological activity and
psychological processes in human
subjects by noninvasive
physiological recording.

Answer 27

D. Psychophysiology

Question 28

–study of the neural mechanisms
of human cognition, largely
through the use of functional
brain imaging.

Answer 28

E. Cognitive Neuroscience

Question 29

Types of Brain Imaging

Answer 29

1. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
2. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
   3.
   Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
3. Electroencephalography (EEG)

Question 30

– study of the evolution, genetics, and
adaptiveness of behavior, largely through
the use of the comparative method.

Answer 30

F. Comparative Psychology