biopsychosocial effects of trauma

Question 1

What is the “ripple effect” in trauma?

Answer 1

A heuristic framework developed by Kennerley & Lee to understand how trauma causes widespread bio-psycho-social disruptions. The effects in one domain can influence others

Question 2

List the main domains affected by trauma according to the Ripple Model

Answer 2

Brain
Self
Interpersonal
Systemic
Cultural⁠
⁠

Question 3

What are Padesky’s “Three Speeds”?

Answer 3

1. Top Layer: Therapist’s knowledge
2. Middle Layer: Parsimonious communication with patient
3. Low Layer: Real-world processing between sessions⁠
   ⁠

Question 4

What are the key cognitive and emotional consequences of trauma?

Answer 4

Intrusions and dissociation
Neurological dysfunction
Impaired affect regulation
Poor social cognition and autobiographical memory
Underdeveloped problem-solving
Schema disruption⁠
⁠

Question 5

What are Neisser’s five aspects of self?

Answer 5

Private self: Self-awareness
2. Conceptual self: Semantic knowledge about self
3. Interpersonal self: Locus of emotion and social interaction
4. Extended self: Sense of existing over time
5. Ecological self: “Felt sense” of existing within a body⁠
⁠

Question 6

What are common negative self-outcomes after trauma?

Answer 6

Negative Self-Concept: “I’m defective”
2. Fragmented Self: Acting like “a different person”
3. Absence of Self: “I don’t feel real”⁠
⁠​

Question 7

What therapeutic approaches are recommended for managing traumatic flashbacks?

Answer 7

Discrete flashbacks: Update traumatic images (Ehlers & Clark method)
Generic flashbacks: Create alternative terminal image (Layden method)
Use grounding skills and discrimination skills⁠
⁠