Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

2C PRELIMS > BIOSTATS > Flashcards

BIOSTATS Flashcards

1
Q

Study of distribution and determinants of health-related events in specified population for
prevention and control

A

EPIDEMIOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Percentage of population that has disease during given
time period

A

Prevalence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Percentage of population that contracts a disease in a
given time period or number of new people who gets
the disease

A

Incidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • More exploratory
  • Profiles characteristics
    of groups
  • Focuses on “what”
  • Assumes no
    hypothesis
  • Does not require
    comparisons between
    groups over time
A

DESCRIPTIVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Explains
- More explanatory
- Analyzes why groups
has characteristics
- WHY
- Assumes a hypothesis
- Require comparison
bet groups over time

A

ANALYTICAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diseases (or any health-related events) don’t occur at
random
- Diseases (or other health events) have causal and
preventive factors which can be identified through
systematic investigation of population
- Epidemiology focuses on populations rather than
individual persons, tissues, or organ

A

Epidemiological Principles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

science, which deals with collection, presentation,
analysis, and interpretation of numerical data

A

Statistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

study of probability distributions, sampling
distributions, estimation, hypothesis testing, variance
analysis, regression, and correlation analysis in
healthcare settings

A

BIOSTATISTICS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Collection, organization, summarization, and
presentation of data

A

Descriptive Stats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • Generalizing from samples to population, performing
    estimations and hypothesis tests, determining
    relationships among variables and making predictions
  • Uses probability
A

Inferential Stats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Collection of all subjects of interest

A

Population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Units on which characteristics are measured

A

Subjects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Subset of population of interest

A

Sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Characteristics which are being measured
and/or recorded.

A

Variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Representations or each subject characteristic

A

Data Elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A Collection of Data

A

Data Set

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

substance with no medical benefits or harm

A

Placebo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

decision-making process for evaluating
claims about a population, based on information obtained
from samples.

A

Hypothesis Testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

categorizes data into distinct, non-overlapping groups
without any inherent order or ranking
- gender, hair color, type of pet, marital status, blood
type
- nationality, blood group, type of vaccines

A

NOMINAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

organizes data into categories that are rank able, yet it
does not establish exact differences between these
ranks
- education level, movie ratings, military ranks,
satisfaction levels
- pain level, Likert scale, hotel star ratings

A

ORDINAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ranks data, and precise differences between units of
measure do exist; however, there is no meaningful zero
- temperature, IQ and SAT scores, calendar years
- time of day on 12 hours clock, pH levels, score on
depression scale
- heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate

A

INTERVAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

possesses all the characteristics of interval
measurement, and there exists a true zero. In addition,
true ratios exist when the same variable is measured
on two different members of the population
- height, weight, age, income
- blood glucose level, dosage of medication, oxygen
saturation levels, time on ventilator

A

RATIO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

branch of mathematics working with data collection,
organization, analysis, interpretation and presentation
(Muhrey, 2008)

A

Statistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

science of conducting studies to collect, organize,
summarize, analyze, and draw conclusions from data
(Bluman, 2012)

A

Statistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
application of statistics to problems in the biological sciences, health, and medicine
Biostatistics
26
characteristic or attribute that can assume a different value; e.g. Gender, Intelligence Quotient
Variable
27
values that a variable can assume
Data
28
complete enumeration of population, best source of data on population size and distribution according to age
Census
29
evaluating health status of a population
Prevalence Survey
30
Identify risk factors
Risk Factor Investigation
31
Act of selecting participants from a particular population
Sampling
32
If total population or sampling frame is less than 50 - If your sample size is less than 30
Non-probability
33
also known as expert judgement
Purposive sampling
34
everyone has a chance to be picked o Toss coin o Computer assisted o Random numbers o Fish bowl
Simple random sampling
35
K = N/n – same with simple random but there is a system applied
Systematic Sampling
36
inclusion of subgroups within the population like drug users ---- teen and adults ------male and female o You group your population to certain traits or attitude o Strata
Stratified random sampling
37
is a procedure for selecting sample elements from a fully defined population
Sampling method
38
Smaller but hopefully reperesentative collection of units
Sample
39
List from which the potential respondents are drawn
Sampling Frame
40
rom theoretical population to the study population to sampling frame to the sample
Sampling Breakdown
41
Techniques used by researchers to summarize and report data about populations and samples. * methods concerned w/ collecting, describing, and analyzing a set of data without drawing conclusions (or inferences) About a large group
Descriptive Statistics:
42
methods concerned with the analysis of a subset of data leading to predictions or inferences about the entire set of Data
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
43
Using tables to organize data.
Tabular
44
Using various graphs to visualize data.
Graphical
45
: Identifying the positioning of data.
Location
46
Displaying the spread of data.
Variation
47
Showing how data values are distributed
Distribution
48
summarizes a data set by giving a “typical value” within the range of the data values that describes its location relative to entire data set.
Measure of Location
49
is the smallest value in the data set, denoted as MIN.
Minimum
50
is the largest value in the data set, denoted as MAX.
Maximum
51
A single value that is used to identify the “center” of the data – it is thought of as a typical value of the distribution – precise yet simple – most representative value of the data
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
52
Most common measure of the center * Also known as arithmetic average
MEAN
53
* Divides the observations into two equal parts
MEDIAN
54
in Median If n is odd, the median is the _____________________
middle number.
55
in Median If n is even, the median is the average of the ________________
2 middle numbers
56
may not be an actual observation in the data set * can be applied in at least ordinal level * a positional measure; not affected by extreme values
Median
57
occurs most frequently nominal average * computation of the mode for ungrouped or raw data
MODE
58
sampling stability is desired * other measures are to be computed
MEan
59
the exact midpoint of the distribution is desired * there are extreme observations
Median
60
when the "typical" value is desired * when the dataset is measured on a nominal scale
Mode
61
Numerical measures that give the relative position of a data value relative to the entire data set.
Percentiles
62
* Divide an array into ten equal parts, each part having ten percent of the distribution of the data values, denoted by Dj
DECILE
63
* Divide an array into four equal parts, each part having 25% of the distribution of the data values, denoted by Qj.
QUARTILES
64
________________________ is a single value that is used to describe the spread of the distribution * A measure of central tendency alone does not uniquely describe a distribution
measure of variation
65
The difference between the maximum and minimum value in a data set, i.e. R = MAX – MIN
RANGE
66
The larger the value of the range, the more dispersed the observations are. * It is quick and easy to understand. * A rough measure of dispersion.
Range
67
most important measure of variation * square root of Variance * has the same units as the original data
STANDARD DEVIATION (SD)
68
* Describes the extent of peakedness or flatness of the distribution of the data.
MEASURES OF KURTOSIS
69
Refers to way observations of a given variable behave in terms of absolute, relative and cumulative frequencies
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

2C PRELIMS (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions