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CYTOGEN Flashcards

1
Q

The organisms with only one cell in their body are called

A

Unicellular organisms

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2
Q

The organisms having many cells in their body are called

A

Multicellular organisms

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3
Q

The term prokaryotic and Eukaryotic were suggested by _____________ in the ______’s

A

Hans Ris, 1960

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4
Q

has 2 or more chromosomes

A

Eukaryotes

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5
Q

1 chromosome

A

Prokaryote

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6
Q

has linear shape

A

Eukaryote

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7
Q

has circular shape

A

Prokaryotes

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8
Q

have histones present

A

Eukaryote

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9
Q

no histones present

A

Prokaryote

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10
Q

sometimes have the presence of plasmids

A

Prokaryote

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11
Q

does not have the presence of plasmids

A

Eukaryotes

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12
Q

is not organized into pairs

A

Prokaryote

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13
Q

is organized into pairs

A

Eukaryotes

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14
Q

Prokaryotes first to come into existence about___________ years ago

A

3.5 billion

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15
Q

evolved from the prokaryotic cells and the first eukaryotic (nucleated) cells may have arisen

A

1.4 billion years ago

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16
Q

Essentially two envelope systems and they are much larger than prokaryotic cells

Secondary membranes envelop the nucleus and other internal organelles;

A

Eukaryotes

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17
Q

No Nucleus
DNA molecule,
RNA Molecule and nuclear proteins
*surrounded by ground substance

A

Prokaryote

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18
Q

the cytoplasm of a __________ cell lacks in well defined cytoplasmic organelles; nuclear envelope; nucleoli, cytoskeleton, centrioles and basal bodies.

A

prokaryotic

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19
Q

The ___________ cells are true cells which occur in the plants and animals.

A

eukaryotic

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20
Q

is the basic unit of organizations or structure of all living matter

A

Cell

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21
Q

All forms of life, except viruses, consist of cells; Consists of two distinct areas which in living cells, are in constant motion: ___________ and ____________

A

Cytoplasm, Nucleus

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22
Q

major portion of the protoplasmic substance contained in the cell membrane
- several organelles (functionally important for the survival of the cell and their presence or size may vary between different organisms and different tissues) are found esp. in eukaryotes

A

Cytoplasm

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23
Q

an organelle where lipid production and some protein translation occurs

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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24
Q

has attached ribosomes

A

Rough ER

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25
has no attached ribosomes
Smooth ER
26
- a cup-shaped organelle which is located near the nucleus in many cell; - consists of a set of cisternae (i.e, closed fluid-filled flattened membranous sacs or vesicles
Golgi Apparatus
27
- small particles which may be free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER - play an important role in the synthesis of protein may exist either in the free state in the cytosol or attached to RER
Ribosome
28
Structure where most of the cellular energy is produced in the form of ATP
Mitochondria
29
- plastids in plant cell which contain chlorophyll and serve as the photosynthetic factory of the plants - both mitochondria and this organelle are found in plants, algae and some protozoans - they also posses their own genomic DNA which are circular and are not complexed with proteins unlike the nuclear genome
Chloroplast
30
- unlike organelles, not bound by membranes to separate it from the surrounding cytosol - found in most animals and lower plant cells - consists of two cylindrical structures called centrioles
Centrosome
31
- hollow tubes of dynamic protein polymers composed of subunits that contain 1 mol of α tubulin and 1 mol of β tubulin; - extend and retract to provide shape and structure to eukaryotic cell - they form the network that internal components move along to their proper destination within the cell
Microtubule
32
- attach to chromosomes during the early stages of mitosis and meiosis are also composed of microtubules - Produced by centrioles - Thus, centrosome is essential for the correct formation of spindle fibers and the proper movement of eukaryotic chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis.
Spindle Fibers
33
- the dark staining body within the cytoplasm - contains the primary genome of the cell which is organized as linear, double-stranded DNA that is complexed w/ protein(nucleoprotein) - primary director of cellular activity and inheritance
Nucleus
34
comprises two nuclear membranes- inner nuclear membrane which is lined by nuclear lamina and an outer nuclear membrane which is continuous with RER
Nuclear Envelope
35
- 1 or more spherical bodies may be found attached to specific chromosome regions - the site where ribosomes are manufactured; where ribosomal DNA transcribes most of rRNA molecules
Nucleoli/Nucleolus
36
Typical organisms Prokaryotes
Bacteria, Archaea
37
Typical organisms Eukaryotes
Protists, Fungi, ANimals
38
Typical size Prokaryotes
~ 1-10 µm
39
Type of nucleus Prokaryotes
nucleoid region; no real nucleus
40
Type of nucleus Eukaryotes
real nucleus with double membrane
41
RNA-/protein-synthesis Eukaryotes
RNA-synthesis inside the nucleus protein synthesis in cytoplasm
42
Ribosomes Eukaryotes
60S+40S
43
Cytoplasmatic structure Eukaryotes
highly structured by endomembranes and a cytoskeleton
44
Cell movement Eukaryotes
flagella and cilia containing microtubules; lamellipodia and filopodia containing actin
45
mitochondria Eukaryotes
one to several thousand (though some lack mitochondria)
46
Chloroplasts Eukaryotes
in algae and plants
47
Organization Eukaryotes
single cells, colonies, higher multicellular organisms with specialized cells
48
Cell Division Eukaryotes
Mitosis (fission or budding), Meiosis
49
DNA Content Eukaryotes
1.5 × 10^7 to 5 × 10^9
50
DNA Eukaryotes
linear molecules (chromosomes) with histone proteins
51
Typical size Eukaryotes
~ 10-100 µm (sperm cells, apart from the tail, are smaller)
52
DNA Prokaryotes
circular (usually)
53
RNA-/protein-synthesis Prokaryotes
coupled in cytoplasm
54
Ribosomes Prokaryotes
50S+30S
55
Cytoplasmatic structure Prokaryotes
very few structures
56
Cell movement Prokaryotes
flagella made of flagellin
57
mitochondria Prokaryotes
None
58
Chloroplasts Prokaryotes
none
59
Organization Prokaryotes
usually single cells
60
Cell Division Prokaryotes
Binary fission (simple division)
61
DNA Content Prokaryotes
1 × 10^6 to 5 × 10^6

2C PRELIMS (16 decks)

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